1aum - Revision history

OCA at 05:54, 3 April 2024

2024-04-03T05:54:55Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 3 April 2024
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 3Å</td></tr>
		+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).		[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
-	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
-	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
-	The carboxyl-terminal domain, residues 146 to 231, of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) capsid protein [CA(146-231)] is required for capsid dimerization and viral assembly. This domain contains a stretch of 20 residues, called the major homology region (MHR), which is conserved across retroviruses and is essential for viral assembly, maturation, and infectivity. The crystal structures of CA(146-231) and CA(151-231) reveal that the globular domain is composed of four helices and an extended amino-terminal strand. CA(146-231) dimerizes through parallel packing of helix 2 across a dyad. The MHR is distinct from the dimer interface and instead forms an intricate hydrogen-bonding network that interconnects strand 1 and helices 1 and 2. Alignment of the CA(146-231) dimer with the crystal structure of the capsid amino-terminal domain provides a model for the intact protein and extends models for assembly of the central conical core of HIV-1.
-
-	Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein.,Gamble TR, Yoo S, Vajdos FF, von Schwedler UK, Worthylake DK, Wang H, McCutcheon JP, Sundquist WI, Hill CP Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):849-53. PMID:9346481<ref>PMID:9346481</ref>
-
-	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	</div>
-	<div class="pdbe-citations 1aum" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Virus coat proteins 3D structures\|Virus coat proteins 3D structures]]		*[[Virus coat proteins 3D structures\|Virus coat proteins 3D structures]]
-	== References ==
-	<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>

OCA at 11:17, 30 November 2022

2022-11-30T11:17:20Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:17, 30 November 2022
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 24:		Line 24:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Gamble~~, T R~~]]	+	[[Category: Gamble TR]]
-	[[Category: Hill~~, C P~~]]	+	[[Category: Hill CP]]
-	[[Category: Mccutcheon~~, J P~~]]	+	[[Category: Mccutcheon JP]]
-	[[Category: ~~Schwedler, U K.Von~~]]	+	[[Category: Sundquist WI]]
-	[[Category: ~~Sundquist, W I~~]]	+	[[Category: Vajdos FF]]
-	[[Category: ~~Vajdos, F F~~]]	+	[[Category: Von Schwedler UK]]
-	[[Category: Wang, H]]	+	[[Category: Wang H]]
-	[[Category: Worthylake~~, D K~~]]	+	[[Category: Worthylake DK]]
-	[[Category: Yoo, S]]	+	[[Category: Yoo S]]
-	~~[[Category: C-terminal domain]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Cac146]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Capsid]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Core protein]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Hiv]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Viral protein~~]]	+

OCA at 06:54, 24 February 2021

2021-02-24T06:54:45Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 24 February 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 19:		Line 19:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
-	*[[Virus coat ~~protein~~\|Virus coat ~~protein~~]]	+	*[[Virus coat proteins 3D structures\|Virus coat proteins 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 09:25, 21 May 2019

2019-05-21T09:25:30Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 21 May 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)==		==HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)==
-	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
Line 24:		Line 24:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Gamble, T R]]		[[Category: Gamble, T R]]
	[[Category: Hill, C P]]		[[Category: Hill, C P]]

OCA at 06:16, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T06:16:12Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:16, 17 August 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)==		==HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)==
	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure ~~with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9hiv1 9hiv1]~~. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1aum ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==

OCA at 09:33, 11 September 2015

2015-09-11T09:33:55Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 11 September 2015
Line 2:		Line 2:
	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9hiv1 9hiv1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1aum PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 15:		Line 15:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 1aum" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 22:		Line 23:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
	[[Category: Gamble, T R]]		[[Category: Gamble, T R]]
	[[Category: Hill, C P]]		[[Category: Hill, C P]]

OCA at 14:33, 25 December 2014

2014-12-25T14:33:56Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:33, 25 December 2014
Line 5:		Line 5:
	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1N5 POL_HV1N5]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==

OCA at 14:14, 17 December 2014

2014-12-17T14:14:08Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 17 December 2014
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-	~~{{STRUCTURE_1aum\| PDB=1aum \| SCENE= }}~~	+	==HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)==
-	===HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)===	+	<StructureSection load='1aum' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1aum]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.00Å' scene=''>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_9346481}}~~	+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1aum]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AUM FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1aum FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1aum OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1aum RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1aum PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	</table>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	The carboxyl-terminal domain, residues 146 to 231, of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) capsid protein [CA(146-231)] is required for capsid dimerization and viral assembly. This domain contains a stretch of 20 residues, called the major homology region (MHR), which is conserved across retroviruses and is essential for viral assembly, maturation, and infectivity. The crystal structures of CA(146-231) and CA(151-231) reveal that the globular domain is composed of four helices and an extended amino-terminal strand. CA(146-231) dimerizes through parallel packing of helix 2 across a dyad. The MHR is distinct from the dimer interface and instead forms an intricate hydrogen-bonding network that interconnects strand 1 and helices 1 and 2. Alignment of the CA(146-231) dimer with the crystal structure of the capsid amino-terminal domain provides a model for the intact protein and extends models for assembly of the central conical core of HIV-1.

-	~~==About this~~ Structure==	+	Structure of the carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein.,Gamble TR, Yoo S, Vajdos FF, von Schwedler UK, Worthylake DK, Wang H, McCutcheon JP, Sundquist WI, Hill CP Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):849-53. PMID:9346481<ref>PMID:9346481</ref>
-	~~[[1aum]] is a~~ 1 ~~chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann~~.ac.il/~~oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AUM OCA].~~	+
		+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
		+	</div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
-	*[[Hiv-1 gag\|Hiv-1 gag]]
	*[[Virus coat protein\|Virus coat protein]]		*[[Virus coat protein\|Virus coat protein]]
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	<~~ref group="xtra">PMID:009346481<~~/~~ref~~><~~references group="xtra"~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]		[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
-	[[Category: Gamble, T R.]]	+	[[Category: Gamble, T R]]
-	[[Category: Hill, C P.]]	+	[[Category: Hill, C P]]
-	[[Category: Mccutcheon, J P.]]	+	[[Category: Mccutcheon, J P]]
-	[[Category: Schwedler, U K.Von.]]	+	[[Category: Schwedler, U K.Von]]
-	[[Category: Sundquist, W I.]]	+	[[Category: Sundquist, W I]]
-	[[Category: Vajdos, F F.]]	+	[[Category: Vajdos, F F]]
-	[[Category: Wang, H.]]	+	[[Category: Wang, H]]
-	[[Category: Worthylake, D K.]]	+	[[Category: Worthylake, D K]]
-	[[Category: Yoo, S.]]	+	[[Category: Yoo, S]]
	[[Category: C-terminal domain]]		[[Category: C-terminal domain]]
	[[Category: Cac146]]		[[Category: Cac146]]

OCA at 10:41, 11 March 2013

2013-03-11T10:41:13Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 11 March 2013
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-	[[Image:1aum.png\|left\|200px]]
-
	{{STRUCTURE_1aum\| PDB=1aum \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_1aum\| PDB=1aum \| SCENE= }}
-
	===HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)===		===HIV CAPSID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (CAC146)===
-
	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_9346481}}		{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_9346481}}

OCA: Protected "1aum" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2012-10-20T17:52:32Z

Protected "1aum" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 17:52, 20 October 2012