1ev6 - Revision history

OCA at 10:06, 20 March 2024

2024-03-20T10:06:47Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 20 March 2024
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	<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene~~></td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 1.9Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</div~~></td></tr>	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1ev6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1ev6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/176730 176730].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
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	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1ev6 ConSurf].		</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1ev6 ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
-	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
-	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
-	The structures of three R(6) human insulin hexamers have been determined. Crystals of monoclinic m-cresol-insulin, monoclinic resorcinol-insulin and rhombohedral m-cresol-insulin diffracted to 1. 9, 1.9 and 1.78 A, respectively, and have been refined to residuals of 0.195, 0.179 and 0.200, respectively. In all three structures, a phenolic derivative is found to occupy the phenolic binding site, where it forms hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl O atom of CysA6 and the N atom of CysA11. Two additional phenolic derivative binding sites were identified within or between hexamers. The structures of all three hexamers are nearly identical, although a large displacement of the N-terminus of one B chain in both monoclinic structures results from coordination to a sodium ion which is located between symmetry-related hexamers. Other minor differences in structure arise from differences in packing in the monoclinic cell compared with the rhombohedral cell. Based upon the differences in conformation of the GluB13 side chains in T(6), T(3)R(f)(3) and R(6) hexamers, the deprotonation of these side chains appears to be associated with the T-->R conformational transition.
-
-	R6 hexameric insulin complexed with m-cresol or resorcinol.,Smith GD, Ciszak E, Magrum LA, Pangborn WA, Blessing RH Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2000 Dec;56(Pt 12):1541-8. PMID:11092919<ref>PMID:11092919</ref>
-
-	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	</div>
-	<div class="pdbe-citations 1ev6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
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	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Blessing~~, R H~~]]	+	[[Category: Blessing RH]]
-	[[Category: Ciszak, E]]	+	[[Category: Ciszak E]]
-	[[Category: Magrum~~, L A~~]]	+	[[Category: Magrum LA]]
-	[[Category: Pangborn~~, W A~~]]	+	[[Category: Pangborn WA]]
-	[[Category: Smith~~, G D]]~~	+	[[Category: Smith GD]]
-	~~[[Category: Hormone-growth factor complex]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: R6 hexameric insulin~~]]	+

OCA at 09:42, 21 July 2021

2021-07-21T09:42:19Z

OCA at 14:32, 16 October 2019

2019-10-16T14:32:45Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 16 October 2019
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	==Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer==		==Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer==
-	<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
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	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 1ev6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 1ev6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Insulin 3D Structures\|Insulin 3D Structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Blessing, R H]]		[[Category: Blessing, R H]]
	[[Category: Ciszak, E]]		[[Category: Ciszak, E]]

OCA at 07:19, 20 December 2017

2017-12-20T07:19:07Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:19, 20 December 2017
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		+
	==Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer==		==Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer==
	<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>
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	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1ev6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
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	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
-	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ev/1ev6_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>	+	<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ev/1ev6_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 1ev6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 1ev6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
-
-	==See Also==
-	*[[Molecular Playground/Insulin\|Molecular Playground/Insulin]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 03:49, 10 February 2016

2016-02-10T03:49:00Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 10 February 2016
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	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
-	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].	+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1ev6 ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">

OCA at 05:05, 11 September 2015

2015-09-11T05:05:33Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:05, 11 September 2015
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	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
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	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 1ev6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA at 19:02, 22 December 2014

2014-12-22T19:02:12Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 22 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene><br>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
-	<table>	+	</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>		[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
Line 36:		Line 36:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: Blessing, R H.]]	+	[[Category: Blessing, R H]]
-	[[Category: Ciszak, E.]]	+	[[Category: Ciszak, E]]
-	[[Category: Magrum, L A.]]	+	[[Category: Magrum, L A]]
-	[[Category: Pangborn, W A.]]	+	[[Category: Pangborn, W A]]
-	[[Category: Smith, G D.]]	+	[[Category: Smith, G D]]
	[[Category: Hormone-growth factor complex]]		[[Category: Hormone-growth factor complex]]
	[[Category: R6 hexameric insulin]]		[[Category: R6 hexameric insulin]]

OCA at 14:17, 29 September 2014

2014-09-29T14:17:45Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:17, 29 September 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~{{STRUCTURE_1ev6~~\| ~~PDB~~=1ev6 \| ~~SCENE~~= }}	+	==Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer==
-	===~~Structure~~ of the ~~monoclinic~~ form of the M-~~cresol~~/insulin ~~R6 hexamer~~===	+	<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_11092919}}~~	+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene><br>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	<table>
		+	== Disease ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
		+	== Evolutionary Conservation ==
		+	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
		+	Check<jmol>
		+	<jmolCheckbox>
		+	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ev/1ev6_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
		+	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
		+	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
		+	</jmolCheckbox>
		+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
		+	<div style="clear:both"></div>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	The structures of three R(6) human insulin hexamers have been determined. Crystals of monoclinic m-cresol-insulin, monoclinic resorcinol-insulin and rhombohedral m-cresol-insulin diffracted to 1. 9, 1.9 and 1.78 A, respectively, and have been refined to residuals of 0.195, 0.179 and 0.200, respectively. In all three structures, a phenolic derivative is found to occupy the phenolic binding site, where it forms hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl O atom of CysA6 and the N atom of CysA11. Two additional phenolic derivative binding sites were identified within or between hexamers. The structures of all three hexamers are nearly identical, although a large displacement of the N-terminus of one B chain in both monoclinic structures results from coordination to a sodium ion which is located between symmetry-related hexamers. Other minor differences in structure arise from differences in packing in the monoclinic cell compared with the rhombohedral cell. Based upon the differences in conformation of the GluB13 side chains in T(6), T(3)R(f)(3) and R(6) hexamers, the deprotonation of these side chains appears to be associated with the T-->R conformational transition.

-	~~==Disease==~~	+	R6 hexameric insulin complexed with m-cresol or resorcinol.,Smith GD, Ciszak E, Magrum LA, Pangborn WA, Blessing RH Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2000 Dec;56(Pt 12):1541-8. PMID:11092919<ref>PMID:11092919</ref>
-	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref><ref>PMID:2196279</ref><ref>PMID:4019786</ref><ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. ~~Clinical fetaures are polydipsia~~, ~~polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes~~, ~~kidneys~~, ~~nerves~~, ~~and blood vessels~~.~~<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal~~ (~~PNDM~~) ~~[MIM~~:~~[http://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood~~-~~onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1~~. ~~It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>~~PMID:17855560</ref><ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref><ref>PMID:18162506</ref><ref>PMID:~~20226046~~</ref>	+

-	~~==Function==~~	+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	~~[[http:~~/~~/www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis~~, the ~~pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver~~.	+	</div>
-		+
-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+
-	~~[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il~~/~~oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA].~~	+

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Molecular Playground/Insulin\|Molecular Playground/Insulin]]		*[[Molecular Playground/Insulin\|Molecular Playground/Insulin]]
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	~~<ref group="xtra">PMID:011092919</ref>~~<references ~~group="xtra"~~/><~~references~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Blessing, R H.]]		[[Category: Blessing, R H.]]
	[[Category: Ciszak, E.]]		[[Category: Ciszak, E.]]

OCA at 23:35, 24 March 2013

2013-03-24T23:35:59Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 23:35, 24 March 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[Image:1ev6.png\|left\|200px]]
-
	{{STRUCTURE_1ev6\| PDB=1ev6 \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_1ev6\| PDB=1ev6 \| SCENE= }}
-
	===Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer===		===Structure of the monoclinic form of the M-cresol/insulin R6 hexamer===
		+	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_11092919}}

-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_11092919}}~~	+	==Disease==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref><ref>PMID:2196279</ref><ref>PMID:4019786</ref><ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref><ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref><ref>PMID:18162506</ref><ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
		+
		+	==Function==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
Line 14:		Line 16:

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	<ref group="xtra">PMID:011092919</ref><references group="xtra"/>	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:011092919</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
	[[Category: Blessing, R H.]]		[[Category: Blessing, R H.]]
	[[Category: Ciszak, E.]]		[[Category: Ciszak, E.]]

OCA at 16:13, 20 October 2012

2012-10-20T16:13:43Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 20 October 2012
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure ~~of [[Molecular Playground/Insulin]]~~. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA].	+	[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 21 July 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1ev6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1ev6]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.90Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ev6]] is a 12 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CRS:M-CRESOL'>CRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1ev3\|1ev3]]</div></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1ev6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ev6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ev6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1ev6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ev6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ev6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1ev6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]