1hbv - Revision history

OCA at 07:27, 7 February 2024

2024-02-07T07:27:15Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:27, 7 February 2024
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	<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~9hiv1 9hiv1~~]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [~~http~~://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [~~http~~://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [https://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [https://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene>~~</td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 2.3Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 9HIV1])~~</td></tr>	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hbv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hbv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[~~[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1B1 POL_HV1B1]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1B1 POL_HV1B1] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 20:		Line 20:
	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1hbv ConSurf].		</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1hbv ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
-	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
-	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
-	We have previously reported (Newlander et al., J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 2321-2331) the design of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors incorporating C7 mimetics that lock three amino acid residues of a peptide sequence into a gamma-turn. The design of one such compound, SB203238, was based on X-ray structures of reduced amide aspartyl protease inhibitors. It incorporates a gamma-turn mimetic in the P2-P1' position, where the carbonyl of the C7 ring is replaced with an sp3 methylene group yielding a constrained reduced amide. It shows competitive inhibition with Ki = 430 nM at pH 6.0. The three-dimensional structure of SB203238 bound to the active site of HIV-1 protease has been determined at 2.3 A resolution by X-ray diffraction and refined to a crystallographic R-factor (R = sigma magnitude of Fo magnitude of - magnitude of Fc magnitude of /sigma magnitude of Fo magnitude of, where Fo and Fc are the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes, respectively) of 0.177. The inhibitor lies in an extended conformation in the active site; however, because of the constrained geometry of the C7 ring, it maintains fewer hydrogen bonds with the protein than in most other HIV-1 protease-inhibitor complexes. More importantly, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme differently than predicted in its design, by binding with the P2-P1' alpha-carbon atoms shifted by approximately one-half a residue toward the N-terminus from their presumed positions. This study illustrates the importance of structural information in an approach to rational drug design.
-
-	A check on rational drug design: crystal structure of a complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease with a novel gamma-turn mimetic inhibitor.,Hoog SS, Zhao B, Winborne E, Fisher S, Green DW, DesJarlais RL, Newlander KA, Callahan JF, Moore ML, Huffman WF, et al. J Med Chem. 1995 Aug 18;38(17):3246-52. PMID:7650677<ref>PMID:7650677</ref>
-
-	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	</div>
-	<div class="pdbe-citations 1hbv" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 36:		Line 27:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]		[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]
	[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]		[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
-	[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S]]	+	[[Category: Abdel-Meguid S]]
-	[[Category: Hoog, S]]	+	[[Category: Hoog S]]

OCA at 10:31, 18 November 2020

2020-11-18T10:31:42Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 18 November 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC==		==A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC==
-	<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9hiv1 9hiv1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9hiv1 9hiv1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 9HIV1])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 9HIV1])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hbv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hbv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 29:		Line 29:
	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 1hbv" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 1hbv" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Immunodeficiency virus protease 3D structures\|Immunodeficiency virus protease 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]		[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]
	[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]		[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
	[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S]]		[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S]]
	[[Category: Hoog, S]]		[[Category: Hoog, S]]

OCA at 09:32, 10 January 2018

2018-01-10T09:32:12Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 10 January 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC==		==A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC==
	<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>
Line 5:		Line 6:
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 9HIV1])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 9HIV1])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hbv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 13:		Line 14:
	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
-	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hb/1hbv_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>	+	<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hb/1hbv_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>

OCA at 15:44, 7 February 2016

2016-02-07T15:44:16Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 7 February 2016
Line 17:		Line 17:
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
-	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].	+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1hbv ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">

OCA at 02:54, 10 September 2015

2015-09-10T02:54:11Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:54, 10 September 2015
Line 2:		Line 2:
	<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1~~]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9hiv1 9hiv1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 ~~Human immunodeficiency virus 1~~])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 9HIV1])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1hbv PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 27:		Line 27:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 1hbv" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
	[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]		[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]
	[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]		[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
	[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S]]		[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S]]
	[[Category: Hoog, S]]		[[Category: Hoog, S]]

OCA at 16:24, 24 December 2014

2014-12-24T16:24:15Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 24 December 2014
Line 7:		Line 7:
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1B1 POL_HV1B1]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]

OCA at 23:58, 22 December 2014

2014-12-22T23:58:33Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 23:58, 22 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene><br>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 Human immunodeficiency virus 1])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 Human immunodeficiency virus 1])</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
-	<table>	+	</table>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 32:		Line 32:
	[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]		[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]
	[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]		[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
-	[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S.]]	+	[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S]]
-	[[Category: Hoog, S.]]	+	[[Category: Hoog, S]]

OCA at 11:24, 3 October 2014

2014-10-03T11:24:40Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:24, 3 October 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~{{STRUCTURE_1hbv\| PDB=1hbv \| SCENE= }}~~	+	==A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC==
-	===A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC===	+	<StructureSection load='1hbv' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1hbv]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.30Å' scene=''>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_7650677}}~~	+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hbv]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David S. Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HBV FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAN:2-[3-BENZYL-5-(1-ALANYL-AMINOETHYL)-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-1H-AZEPIN-1-YL]-1-OXOPROPYL-VALINYL-VALINE-METHYLESTER'>GAN</scene><br>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 PROTEASE ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11676 Human immunodeficiency virus 1])</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hbv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hbv OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hbv RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hbv PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	<table>
		+	== Evolutionary Conservation ==
		+	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
		+	Check<jmol>
		+	<jmolCheckbox>
		+	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hb/1hbv_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
		+	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
		+	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
		+	</jmolCheckbox>
		+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
		+	<div style="clear:both"></div>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	We have previously reported (Newlander et al., J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 2321-2331) the design of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors incorporating C7 mimetics that lock three amino acid residues of a peptide sequence into a gamma-turn. The design of one such compound, SB203238, was based on X-ray structures of reduced amide aspartyl protease inhibitors. It incorporates a gamma-turn mimetic in the P2-P1' position, where the carbonyl of the C7 ring is replaced with an sp3 methylene group yielding a constrained reduced amide. It shows competitive inhibition with Ki = 430 nM at pH 6.0. The three-dimensional structure of SB203238 bound to the active site of HIV-1 protease has been determined at 2.3 A resolution by X-ray diffraction and refined to a crystallographic R-factor (R = sigma magnitude of Fo magnitude of - magnitude of Fc magnitude of /sigma magnitude of Fo magnitude of, where Fo and Fc are the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes, respectively) of 0.177. The inhibitor lies in an extended conformation in the active site; however, because of the constrained geometry of the C7 ring, it maintains fewer hydrogen bonds with the protein than in most other HIV-1 protease-inhibitor complexes. More importantly, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme differently than predicted in its design, by binding with the P2-P1' alpha-carbon atoms shifted by approximately one-half a residue toward the N-terminus from their presumed positions. This study illustrates the importance of structural information in an approach to rational drug design.

-	~~==Function==~~	+	A check on rational drug design: crystal structure of a complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease with a novel gamma-turn mimetic inhibitor.,Hoog SS, Zhao B, Winborne E, Fisher S, Green DW, DesJarlais RL, Newlander KA, Callahan JF, Moore ML, Huffman WF, et al. J Med Chem. 1995 Aug 18;38(17):3246-52. PMID:7650677<ref>PMID:7650677</ref>
-	~~[[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1B1 POL_HV1B1]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex~~. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration~~ of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human ~~PPIA/CYPA protects the~~ virus ~~from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-~~1 to the human species (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with ~~viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is~~ a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-~~DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode~~. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, ~~resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange~~, ~~known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer~~, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, ~~matrix protein~~, ~~Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA~~, ~~leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step~~, ~~the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins~~, ~~and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell~~. ~~This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes~~. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (~~By similarity~~).<ref>PMID:~~9658129~~</ref>	+

-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	~~[[1hbv]] is~~ a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. The May 2002 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the ~~Month] feature on ''Penicillin-binding Proteins'' by David~~ S. ~~Goodsell is [http://dx~~.~~doi.org~~/~~10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2002_5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HBV OCA].~~	+	</div>
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	~~<ref group="xtra">PMID:007650677</ref>~~<references ~~group="xtra"~~/><~~references~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]		[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
	[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]		[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]

OCA at 10:56, 16 April 2014

2014-04-16T10:56:03Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:56, 16 April 2014
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-	[[Image:1hbv.png\|left\|200px]]
-
-	<!--
-	The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_1hbv", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
-	You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
-	or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
-	or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
-	-->
	{{STRUCTURE_1hbv\| PDB=1hbv \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_1hbv\| PDB=1hbv \| SCENE= }}
-
	===A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC===		===A CHECK ON RATIONAL DRUG DESIGN. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF HIV-1 PROTEASE WITH A NOVEL GAMMA-TURN MIMETIC===
		+	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_7650677}}

-		+	==Function==
-	<!--	+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1B1 POL_HV1B1]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref> Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9658129</ref>
-	The ~~line below this paragraph~~, ~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_7650677}}~~, ~~adds~~ the ~~Publication Abstract~~ to the ~~page~~	+
-	(as ~~it appears~~ on ~~PubMed at http~~://~~www~~.~~pubmed~~.~~gov~~), ~~where 7650677~~ is the ~~PubMed ID number~~.	+
-	-->	+
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_7650677}}~~	+

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
Line 22:		Line 10:

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	<ref group="xtra">PMID:007650677</ref><references group="xtra"/>	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:007650677</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]		[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
	[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]		[[Category: Penicillin-binding Proteins]]

OCA: Protected "1hbv" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2012-02-22T07:00:46Z

Protected "1hbv" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 07:00, 22 February 2012