2gtn - Revision history

OCA at 09:29, 14 February 2024

2024-02-14T09:29:53Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:29, 14 February 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='~~ligand~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Ligand~~\|~~Ligands~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="~~ligandDat~~">~~<scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2~~-(2,~~6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 1.8Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>~~[[~~Related_structure~~\|~~Related:~~]]~~</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto~~; ~~max-height: 3em;'>[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</div>~~</td></tr>	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='~~gene~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Gene~~\|~~Gene~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"~~>Mapk14 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&~~id=~~10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td~~><~~/tr>~~	+
-	~~<tr id~~='~~activity'><td class~~=~~"sblockLbl"><b>Activity~~:~~</b~~></td><~~td class~~=~~"sblockDat"><span class~~=~~'plainlinks~~'>~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24]~~ </~~span~~></td></tr>	+
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2gtn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2gtn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 22:		Line 20:
	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2gtn ConSurf].		</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2gtn ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
-	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
-	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
-	A series of C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purine based inhibitors of TNF-alpha production are described. The most potent analogs showed low nanomolar activity against LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in a THP-1 cell based assay. The SAR of the series was optimized with the aid of X-ray co-crystal structures of these inhibitors bound with mutated p38 (mp38).
-
-	The development of novel C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purines as inhibitors of TNF-alpha production.,Sabat M, Vanrens JC, Clark MP, Brugel TA, Maier J, Bookland RG, Laufersweiler MJ, Laughlin SK, Golebiowski A, De B, Hsieh LC, Walter RL, Mekel MJ, Janusz MJ Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Aug 15;16(16):4360-5. Epub 2006 Jun 5. PMID:16750367<ref>PMID:16750367</ref>
-
-	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	</div>
-	<div class="pdbe-citations 2gtn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 39:		Line 28:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: ~~Lk3 transgenic mice]]~~	+	[[Category: Mus musculus]]
-	~~[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase~~]]	+	[[Category: Evdokimov AG]]
-	[[Category: Evdokimov~~, A G~~]]	+	[[Category: Mekel MJ]]
-	[[Category: Mekel~~, M J~~]]	+	[[Category: Pokross ME]]
-	[[Category: Pokross~~, M E~~]]	+	[[Category: Sabat M]]
-	[[Category: Sabat, M]]	+	[[Category: Walter RL]]
-	[[Category: Walter~~, R L]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Map kinase p38]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: P38]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Transferase~~]]	+

OCA at 07:24, 17 March 2021

2021-03-17T07:24:04Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 17 March 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717==		==Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717==
-	<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</div></td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [~~http~~://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2gtn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2gtn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref>	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
-	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gt/2gtn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>	+	<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gt/2gtn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
Line 31:		Line 31:
	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 2gtn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 2gtn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]]		[[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]

OCA at 08:00, 18 October 2017

2017-10-18T08:00:50Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:00, 18 October 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717==		==Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717==
	<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>
Line 7:		Line 8:
	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>		<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2gtn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 19:		Line 20:
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
-	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].	+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2gtn ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
Line 30:		Line 31:
	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 2gtn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 2gtn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
-
-	==See Also==
-	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 10:25, 11 September 2015

2015-09-11T10:25:15Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 11 September 2015
Line 2:		Line 2:
	<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Mus_musculus Mus musculus~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 ~~Mus musculus~~])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 LK3 transgenic mice])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2gtn PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 29:		Line 29:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 2gtn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 36:		Line 37:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
-	[[Category: Mus musculus]]
	[[Category: Evdokimov, A G]]		[[Category: Evdokimov, A G]]
	[[Category: Mekel, M J]]		[[Category: Mekel, M J]]

OCA at 15:10, 25 December 2014

2014-12-25T15:10:10Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 25 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene><br>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 Mus musculus])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 Mus musculus])</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
-	<table>	+	</table>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_MOUSE MK14_MOUSE]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113' (By similarity).<ref>PMID:10704466</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:11909979</ref> <ref>PMID:15735649</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 36:		Line 38:
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Mus musculus]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]
-	[[Category: Evdokimov, A G.]]	+	[[Category: Evdokimov, A G]]
-	[[Category: Mekel, M J.]]	+	[[Category: Mekel, M J]]
-	[[Category: Pokross, M E.]]	+	[[Category: Pokross, M E]]
-	[[Category: Sabat, M.]]	+	[[Category: Sabat, M]]
-	[[Category: Walter, R L.]]	+	[[Category: Walter, R L]]
	[[Category: Map kinase p38]]		[[Category: Map kinase p38]]
	[[Category: P38]]		[[Category: P38]]
	[[Category: Transferase]]		[[Category: Transferase]]

OCA at 02:08, 29 September 2014

2014-09-29T02:08:30Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:08, 29 September 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[~~Image:~~2gtn.~~png~~\|~~left~~\|200px]]	+	==Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717==
		+	<StructureSection load='2gtn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2gtn]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.80Å' scene=''>
		+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2GTN FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LIE:2-(2,6-DIFLUOROPHENOXY)-N-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-9-ISOPROPYL-9H-PURIN-8-AMINE'>LIE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene><br>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1yw2\|1yw2]], [[1ywr\|1ywr]], [[2ghm\|2ghm]], [[2ghl\|2ghl]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Mapk14 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10090 Mus musculus])</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2gtn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2gtn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2gtn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2gtn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	<table>
		+	== Evolutionary Conservation ==
		+	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
		+	Check<jmol>
		+	<jmolCheckbox>
		+	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gt/2gtn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
		+	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
		+	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
		+	</jmolCheckbox>
		+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
		+	<div style="clear:both"></div>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	A series of C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purine based inhibitors of TNF-alpha production are described. The most potent analogs showed low nanomolar activity against LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in a THP-1 cell based assay. The SAR of the series was optimized with the aid of X-ray co-crystal structures of these inhibitors bound with mutated p38 (mp38).

-	~~{{STRUCTURE_2gtn\| PDB=2gtn \| SCENE= }}~~	+	The development of novel C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purines as inhibitors of TNF-alpha production.,Sabat M, Vanrens JC, Clark MP, Brugel TA, Maier J, Bookland RG, Laufersweiler MJ, Laughlin SK, Golebiowski A, De B, Hsieh LC, Walter RL, Mekel MJ, Janusz MJ Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Aug 15;16(16):4360-5. Epub 2006 Jun 5. PMID:16750367<ref>PMID:16750367</ref>

-	~~===Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717===~~	+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-		+	</div>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_16750367}}~~	+
-		+
-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+
-	~~[[2gtn]] is~~ a ~~1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http:~~/~~/oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].~~	+

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	<~~ref group="xtra">PMID:016750367<~~/~~ref~~><~~references group="xtra"~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Mus musculus]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]

OCA at 18:10, 20 October 2012

2012-10-20T18:10:09Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 20 October 2012
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure ~~of [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]~~ with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].	+	[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA: Protected "2gtn" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2012-07-27T03:13:59Z

Protected "2gtn" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 03:13, 27 July 2012

OCA at 03:13, 27 July 2012

2012-07-27T03:13:58Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:13, 27 July 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	{{Seed}}
	[[Image:2gtn.png\|left\|200px]]		[[Image:2gtn.png\|left\|200px]]

-	<!--
-	The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_2gtn", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
-	You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
-	or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
-	or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
-	-->
	{{STRUCTURE_2gtn\| PDB=2gtn \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_2gtn\| PDB=2gtn \| SCENE= }}

	===Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717===		===Mutated MAP kinase P38 (Mus Musculus) in complex with Inhbitor PG-951717===

-
-	<!--
-	The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_16750367}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
-	(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 16750367 is the PubMed ID number.
-	-->
	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_16750367}}		{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_16750367}}

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	~~2GTN~~ is a 1 chain structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].	+	[[2gtn]] is a 1 chain structure of [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]] with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	<ref group="xtra">PMID:~~16750367~~</ref><references group="xtra"/>	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:016750367</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Mus musculus]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]
Line 33:		Line 24:
	[[Category: Map kinase p38]]		[[Category: Map kinase p38]]
	[[Category: P38]]		[[Category: P38]]
-		+	[[Category: Transferase]]
-	~~''Page seeded by~~ [~~http~~:~~//oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA~~ ] ~~on Tue Feb 17 19:50:50 2009''~~	+

OCA at 17:50, 17 February 2009

2009-02-17T17:50:51Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:50, 17 February 2009
Line 20:		Line 20:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	2GTN is a ~~[[Single protein]]~~ structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].	+	2GTN is a 1 chain structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2GTN OCA].

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	The development of novel C-2, C-8, and N-9 trisubstituted purines as inhibitors of TNF-alpha production., Sabat M, Vanrens JC, Clark MP, Brugel TA, Maier J, Bookland RG, Laufersweiler MJ, Laughlin SK, Golebiowski A, De B, Hsieh LC, Walter RL, Mekel MJ, Janusz MJ, Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Aug 15;16(16):4360-5. Epub 2006 Jun 5. PMID:~~[http:~~//~~www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16750367 16750367]~~	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:16750367</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Mus musculus]]		[[Category: Mus musculus]]
-	[[Category: Single protein]]
	[[Category: Evdokimov, A G.]]		[[Category: Evdokimov, A G.]]
	[[Category: Mekel, M J.]]		[[Category: Mekel, M J.]]
Line 35:		Line 34:
	[[Category: P38]]		[[Category: P38]]

-	''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Tue ~~Jul 29 03~~:45:~~51 2008~~''	+	''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Tue Feb 17 19:50:50 2009''