3iph - Revision history

OCA at 07:55, 6 September 2023

2023-09-06T07:55:51Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:55, 6 September 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='~~ligand~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Ligand~~\|~~Ligands~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="~~ligandDat~~">~~<scene name='pdbligand=G11:6~~-[~~5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-~~2~~-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>~~</td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 2.1Å</td></tr>
-	<tr id='~~NonStdRes~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Non-Standard_Residue~~\|~~NonStd Res~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene><~~/td></tr>~~	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
-	~~<tr id~~='~~related'><td class~~=~~"sblockLbl"><b>~~[~~[Related_structure\|Related:~~]~~]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max~~-~~height: 3em;~~'>~~[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]~~</~~div~~><~~/td></tr>~~	+
-	~~<tr id~~='~~gene'><td class~~=~~"sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene~~:~~]]</b~~></~~td><td class="sblockDat"~~>~~MAPK14~~, ~~CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])~~<~~/td></tr>~~	+
-	~~<tr id~~='~~activity'><td class~~=~~"sblockLbl"><b>Activity~~:~~</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks~~'>~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24]~~ </~~span~~></td></tr>	+
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3iph PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3iph ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3iph PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3iph ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 39:		Line 36:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]	+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	~~[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]~~	+	[[Category: Somers DO]]
-	[[Category: Somers~~, D O]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Atp-binding]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Kinase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Map kinase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Nucleus]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: P38]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Serine/threonine protein kinase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Transferase~~]]	+

OCA at 03:38, 21 April 2022

2022-04-21T03:38:16Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 21 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor==		==Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor==
-	<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>		<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</div></td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [~~http~~://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/3iph PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3iph ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3iph PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3iph ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
-	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ip/3iph_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>	+	<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ip/3iph_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
Line 32:		Line 32:
	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 3iph" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 3iph" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
Line 37:		Line 40:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human]]		[[Category: Human]]
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Somers, D O]]		[[Category: Somers, D O]]

OCA at 08:11, 1 November 2017

2017-11-01T08:11:22Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:11, 1 November 2017
Line 32:		Line 32:
	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 3iph" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 3iph" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
-
-	==See Also==
-	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 09:21, 5 August 2016

2016-08-05T09:21:02Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:21, 5 August 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor==		==Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor==
	<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>		<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 ~~Homo sapiens~~])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3iph PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3iph ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 20:		Line 21:
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
-	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].	+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3iph ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
Line 30:		Line 31:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 3iph" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 37:		Line 39:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Homo sapiens~~]]	+	[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Somers, D O]]		[[Category: Somers, D O]]

OCA at 17:37, 25 December 2014

2014-12-25T17:37:19Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 25 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene><br>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>	+	<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
-	<table>	+	</table>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK14_HUMAN MK14_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'.<ref>PMID:9687510</ref> <ref>PMID:9430721</ref> <ref>PMID:9792677</ref> <ref>PMID:9858528</ref> <ref>PMID:10330143</ref> <ref>PMID:10943842</ref> <ref>PMID:10838079</ref> <ref>PMID:10747897</ref> <ref>PMID:11154262</ref> <ref>PMID:11333986</ref> <ref>PMID:15905572</ref> <ref>PMID:16932740</ref> <ref>PMID:17003045</ref> <ref>PMID:17724032</ref> <ref>PMID:19893488</ref> <ref>PMID:20932473</ref> <ref>PMID:20188673</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 37:		Line 39:
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
-	[[Category: Somers, D O.]]	+	[[Category: Somers, D O]]
	[[Category: Atp-binding]]		[[Category: Atp-binding]]
	[[Category: Kinase]]		[[Category: Kinase]]

OCA at 12:47, 29 September 2014

2014-09-29T12:47:38Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 29 September 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[~~Image:~~3iph.~~png~~\|~~left~~\|200px]]	+	==Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor==
		+	<StructureSection load='3iph' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3iph]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''>
		+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IPH FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=G11:6-[5-(CYCLOPROPYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYLPHENYL]-N-(CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL)PYRIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE'>G11</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene><br>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zaz\|2zaz]], [[2zb0\|2zb0]], [[2zb1\|2zb1]], [[3d7z\|3d7z]], [[3d83\|3d83]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MAPK14, CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase Mitogen-activated protein kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.24 2.7.11.24] </span></td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3iph FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3iph OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3iph RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3iph PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	<table>
		+	== Evolutionary Conservation ==
		+	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
		+	Check<jmol>
		+	<jmolCheckbox>
		+	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ip/3iph_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
		+	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
		+	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
		+	</jmolCheckbox>
		+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
		+	<div style="clear:both"></div>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	p38alpha MAP kinase is a key anti-inflammatory target for rheumatoid arthritis, influencing biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-1beta at a translational and transcriptional level. In this paper, we describe how we have optimized a series of novel p38alpha/beta inhibitors using crystal structures of our inhibitors bound to p38alpha, classical medicinal chemistry, and modeling of virtual libraries to derive a molecule suitable for progression into clinical development.

-	~~{{STRUCTURE_3iph\| PDB=3iph \| SCENE= }}~~	+	p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors: optimization of a series of biphenylamides to give a molecule suitable for clinical progression.,Aston NM, Bamborough P, Buckton JB, Edwards CD, Holmes DS, Jones KL, Patel VK, Smee PA, Somers DO, Vitulli G, Walker AL J Med Chem. 2009 Oct 22;52(20):6257-69. PMID:19772287<ref>PMID:19772287</ref>

-	~~===Crystal structure~~ of ~~p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor===~~	+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-		+	</div>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19772287}}~~	+
-		+
-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+
-	~~[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http:~~/~~/oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA].~~	+

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	<~~ref group="xtra">PMID:019772287<~~/~~ref~~><~~references group="xtra"~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]

OCA at 19:32, 20 October 2012

2012-10-20T19:32:21Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 19:32, 20 October 2012
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure ~~of [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]~~ with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA].	+	[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA: Protected "3iph" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

2012-07-27T07:41:13Z

Protected "3iph" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 07:41, 27 July 2012

OCA at 07:41, 27 July 2012

2012-07-27T07:41:11Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:41, 27 July 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~{{Seed}}~~	+	[[Image:3iph.png\|left\|200px]]
-	[[Image:3iph.~~jpg~~\|left\|200px]]	+

-	<!--
-	The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3iph", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
-	You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
-	or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
-	or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
-	-->
	{{STRUCTURE_3iph\| PDB=3iph \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_3iph\| PDB=3iph \| SCENE= }}

	===Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor===		===Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor===

-
-	<!--
-	The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19772287}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
-	(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 19772287 is the PubMed ID number.
-	-->
	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19772287}}		{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19772287}}

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	~~3IPH~~ is a 1 chain structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA].	+	[[3iph]] is a 1 chain structure of [[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]] with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA].
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase\|Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	<ref group="xtra">PMID:~~19772287~~</ref><references group="xtra"/>	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:019772287</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]		[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Somers, D O.]]		[[Category: Somers, D O.]]
-	[[Category: Alternative splicing]]
	[[Category: Atp-binding]]		[[Category: Atp-binding]]
-	[[Category: Cytoplasm]]
	[[Category: Kinase]]		[[Category: Kinase]]
	[[Category: Map kinase]]		[[Category: Map kinase]]
Line 36:		Line 25:
	[[Category: P38]]		[[Category: P38]]
	[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]		[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
-	[[Category: Polymorphism]]
	[[Category: Serine/threonine protein kinase]]		[[Category: Serine/threonine protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]		[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]
	[[Category: Transferase]]		[[Category: Transferase]]
-
-	''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Nov 25 09:57:54 2009''

OCA at 07:57, 25 November 2009

2009-11-25T07:57:54Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:57, 25 November 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~'''Unreleased structure'''~~	+	{{Seed}}
		+	[[Image:3iph.jpg\|left\|200px]]

-	The ~~entry 3iph~~ is ~~ON HOLD~~	+	<!--
		+	The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3iph", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
		+	You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
		+	or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
		+	or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
		+	-->
		+	{{STRUCTURE_3iph\| PDB=3iph \| SCENE= }}

-	~~Authors: Somers, D.O.~~	+	===Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor===

-	Description: Crystal structure of p38 in complex with a biphenylamide inhibitor

-	''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on ~~Thu Sep 3 15~~:22:31 2009''	+	<!--
		+	The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19772287}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
		+	(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 19772287 is the PubMed ID number.
		+	-->
		+	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19772287}}
		+
		+	==About this Structure==
		+	3IPH is a 1 chain structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IPH OCA].
		+
		+	==Reference==
		+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:19772287</ref><references group="xtra"/>
		+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
		+	[[Category: Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Somers, D O.]]
		+	[[Category: Alternative splicing]]
		+	[[Category: Atp-binding]]
		+	[[Category: Cytoplasm]]
		+	[[Category: Kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Map kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]
		+	[[Category: Nucleus]]
		+	[[Category: P38]]
		+	[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
		+	[[Category: Polymorphism]]
		+	[[Category: Serine/threonine protein kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Serine/threonine-protein kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Transferase]]
		+
		+	''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Wed Nov 25 09:57:54 2009''