3qxa - Revision history

OCA at 12:01, 14 March 2024

2024-03-14T12:01:58Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 14 March 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='~~related~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Related_structure~~\|~~Related~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"~~><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3qxd\|3qxd]]</div></td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 2.712Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr~~ id~~='gene'><td class~~="~~sblockLbl~~">~~<b>~~[[~~Gene~~\|~~Gene:~~]]~~</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DR1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([https://www~~.~~ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info~~&~~srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DR1, HLA-DRB1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])~~</td></tr>	+
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3qxa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3qxa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
-	== Disease ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
-	~~<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">~~	+
-	~~== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==~~	+
-	HLA-DM is required for efficient peptide exchange on class II MHC molecules, but its mechanism of action is controversial. We trapped an intermediate state of class II MHC HLA-DR1 by substitution of alphaF54, resulting in a protein with increased HLA-DM binding affinity, weakened MHC-peptide hydrogen bonding as measured by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and increased susceptibility to DM-mediated peptide exchange. Structural analysis revealed a set of concerted conformational alterations at the N-terminal end of the peptide-binding site. These results suggest that interaction with HLA-DM is driven by a conformational change of the MHC II protein in the region of the alpha-subunit 3(10) helix and adjacent extended strand region, and provide a model for the mechanism of DM-mediated peptide exchange.	+
-		+
-	Conformational lability in the class II MHC 310 helix and adjacent extended strand dictate HLA-DM susceptibility and peptide exchange.,Painter CA, Negroni MP, Kellersberger KA, Zavala-Ruiz Z, Evans JE, Stern LJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 14. PMID:22084083<ref>PMID:22084083</ref>	+
-		+
-	~~From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>~~	+
-	~~</div>~~	+
-	~~<div class="pdbe-citations 3qxa" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>~~	+
-	~~== References ==~~	+
-	~~<references/>~~	+
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]	+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Painter~~, C A~~]]	+	[[Category: Painter CA]]
-	[[Category: Stern~~, L J]]~~	+	[[Category: Stern LJ]]
-	~~[[Category: Immune system]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Mhc class ii~~]]	+

OCA at 05:40, 15 June 2022

2022-06-15T05:40:19Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:40, 15 June 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide==		==HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide==
-	<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3qxd\|3qxd]]</td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3qxd\|3qxd]]</div></td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DR1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DR1, HLA-DRB1 ([~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DR1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DR1, HLA-DRB1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/3qxa PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3qxa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 26:		Line 26:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human]]		[[Category: Human]]
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Painter, C A]]		[[Category: Painter, C A]]
	[[Category: Stern, L J]]		[[Category: Stern, L J]]
	[[Category: Immune system]]		[[Category: Immune system]]
	[[Category: Mhc class ii]]		[[Category: Mhc class ii]]

OCA at 13:00, 5 August 2016

2016-08-05T13:00:07Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 5 August 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide==		==HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide==
	<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3qxd\|3qxd]]</td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3qxd\|3qxd]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DR1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 ~~Homo sapiens~~]), HLA-DR1, HLA-DRB1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 ~~Homo sapiens~~])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DR1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HLA-DR1, HLA-DRB1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3qxa PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
Line 19:		Line 20:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 3qxa" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Homo sapiens~~]]	+	[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Painter, C A]]		[[Category: Painter, C A]]
	[[Category: Stern, L J]]		[[Category: Stern, L J]]
	[[Category: Immune system]]		[[Category: Immune system]]
	[[Category: Mhc class ii]]		[[Category: Mhc class ii]]

OCA at 10:11, 19 December 2014

2014-12-19T10:11:16Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 19 December 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~{{STRUCTURE_3qxa~~\| ~~PDB~~=3qxa \| ~~SCENE~~= }}	+	==HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide==
-	===HLA-DR1 ~~bound with CLIP peptide~~===	+	<StructureSection load='3qxa' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3qxa]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.71Å' scene=''>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22084083}}~~	+	== Structural highlights ==
-		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QXA FirstGlance]. <br>
-	==Disease==	+	</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3qxd\|3qxd]]</td></tr>
-	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>	+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HLA-DR1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRA1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens]), HLA-DR1, HLA-DRB1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
-		+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qxa OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qxa RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qxa PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
-	==Function==	+	</table>
		+	== Disease ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>
		+	== Function ==
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.		[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	HLA-DM is required for efficient peptide exchange on class II MHC molecules, but its mechanism of action is controversial. We trapped an intermediate state of class II MHC HLA-DR1 by substitution of alphaF54, resulting in a protein with increased HLA-DM binding affinity, weakened MHC-peptide hydrogen bonding as measured by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and increased susceptibility to DM-mediated peptide exchange. Structural analysis revealed a set of concerted conformational alterations at the N-terminal end of the peptide-binding site. These results suggest that interaction with HLA-DM is driven by a conformational change of the MHC II protein in the region of the alpha-subunit 3(10) helix and adjacent extended strand region, and provide a model for the mechanism of DM-mediated peptide exchange.

-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+	Conformational lability in the class II MHC 310 helix and adjacent extended strand dictate HLA-DM susceptibility and peptide exchange.,Painter CA, Negroni MP, Kellersberger KA, Zavala-Ruiz Z, Evans JE, Stern LJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 14. PMID:22084083<ref>PMID:22084083</ref>
-	~~[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http~~:/~~/oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA].~~	+

-	==~~Reference~~==	+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	~~<ref group="xtra">PMID:022084083</ref>~~<references ~~group="xtra"~~/><~~references~~/>	+	</div>
		+	== References ==
		+	<references/>
		+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-	[[Category: Painter, C A.]]	+	[[Category: Painter, C A]]
-	[[Category: Stern, L J.]]	+	[[Category: Stern, L J]]
	[[Category: Immune system]]		[[Category: Immune system]]
	[[Category: Mhc class ii]]		[[Category: Mhc class ii]]

OCA at 22:45, 24 March 2013

2013-03-24T22:45:13Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 22:45, 24 March 2013
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-	[[Image:3qxa.png\|left\|200px]]
-
-	<!--
-	The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3qxa", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
-	You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
-	or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
-	or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
-	-->
	{{STRUCTURE_3qxa\| PDB=3qxa \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_3qxa\| PDB=3qxa \| SCENE= }}
-
	===HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide===		===HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide===
		+	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22084083}}

		+	==Disease==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving CD74 is found in a non-small cell lung tumor. Results in the formation of a CD74-ROS1 chimeric protein.<ref>PMID:12661006</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 is a cause of susceptibility to sarcoidosis type 1 (SS1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/181000 181000]]. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved.<ref>PMID:14508706</ref>

-	<!--	+	==Function==
-	The ~~line below~~ this ~~paragraph~~, ~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22084083}}~~, ~~adds~~ the ~~Publication Abstract~~ to the ~~page~~	+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DRA_HUMAN DRA_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HG2A_HUMAN HG2A_HUMAN]] Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha/beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal/lysosomal system where the antigen processing and binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II takes place. Serves as cell surface receptor for the cytokine MIF. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/2B11_HUMAN 2B11_HUMAN]] Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
-	(as ~~it appears on PubMed at~~ http://www.~~pubmed~~.~~gov~~), where ~~22084083~~ is the ~~PubMed ID number~~.	+
-	-->	+
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22084083}}~~	+

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
Line 22:		Line 13:

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	<ref group="xtra">PMID:022084083</ref><references group="xtra"/>	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:022084083</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Painter, C A.]]		[[Category: Painter, C A.]]

OCA at 05:26, 30 November 2011

2011-11-30T05:26:02Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:26, 30 November 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[Image:3qxa.~~jpg~~\|left\|200px]]	+	[[Image:3qxa.png\|left\|200px]]

	<!--		<!--
Line 11:		Line 11:
	===HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide===		===HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide===

		+
		+	<!--
		+	The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22084083}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
		+	(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 22084083 is the PubMed ID number.
		+	-->
		+	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22084083}}

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
	[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA].		[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA].
		+
		+	==Reference==
		+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:022084083</ref><references group="xtra"/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Painter, C A.]]		[[Category: Painter, C A.]]

OCA at 12:27, 16 November 2011

2011-11-16T12:27:41Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 16 November 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~'''Unreleased structure'''~~	+	[[Image:3qxa.jpg\|left\|200px]]

-	The ~~entry 3qxa~~ is ~~ON HOLD~~ ~~until Paper Publication~~	+	<!--
		+	The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_3qxa", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
		+	You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
		+	or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
		+	or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
		+	-->
		+	{{STRUCTURE_3qxa\| PDB=3qxa \| SCENE= }}

-	~~Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.~~	+	===HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide===

-	~~Description~~: ~~HLA~~-~~DR1 bound with CLIP peptide~~	+
		+	==About this Structure==
		+	[[3qxa]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QXA OCA].
		+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
		+	[[Category: Painter, C A.]]
		+	[[Category: Stern, L J.]]
		+	[[Category: Immune system]]
		+	[[Category: Mhc class ii]]

OCA at 05:19, 1 June 2011

2011-06-01T05:19:03Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:19, 1 June 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Unreleased structure'''		'''Unreleased structure'''

-	The entry 3qxa is ON HOLD	+	The entry 3qxa is ON HOLD until Paper Publication

	Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.		Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.

	Description: HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide		Description: HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide

OCA at 10:18, 21 April 2011

2011-04-21T10:18:30Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 21 April 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Unreleased structure'''		'''Unreleased structure'''

-	The entry 3qxa is ON HOLD ~~until sometime in the future~~	+	The entry 3qxa is ON HOLD

	Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.		Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.

	Description: HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide		Description: HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide

OCA at 08:04, 16 March 2011

2011-03-16T08:04:55Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:04, 16 March 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Unreleased structure'''		'''Unreleased structure'''

-	The entry 3qxa is ON HOLD	+	The entry 3qxa is ON HOLD until sometime in the future

	Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.		Authors: Painter, C.A., Stern, L.J.

	Description: HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide		Description: HLA-DR1 bound with CLIP peptide