Human Keto Acyl Reductase - Revision history

Michal Harel at 10:19, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T10:19:55Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:19, 12 January 2020
Line 3:		Line 3:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	==Function==		==Function==
-	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain ~~degects~~ and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>	+	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

	See also [[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]].		See also [[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]].
Line 16:		Line 16:
	Crystal structure of human mitochondrial heteroterameric KAR is solved at 2.34 Å. The co-factors NAD is selectively bound to the HSD17B8 subunits whereas NADP is bound to the CBR4 subunits. Both NAD and NADP are stabilized by several conserved hydrogen bonding interactions in their respective binding sites. The Asp42, Arg12 and Arg 34 are the crucial residues for co-factor recognition. Acetate ion is also bound near NAD, which identifies the fatty acyl chain binding pocket. Ser 135, Tyr148 and Lys152 in CBR4 subunit are the catalytic triad residues involved in the catalysis. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>		Crystal structure of human mitochondrial heteroterameric KAR is solved at 2.34 Å. The co-factors NAD is selectively bound to the HSD17B8 subunits whereas NADP is bound to the CBR4 subunits. Both NAD and NADP are stabilized by several conserved hydrogen bonding interactions in their respective binding sites. The Asp42, Arg12 and Arg 34 are the crucial residues for co-factor recognition. Acetate ion is also bound near NAD, which identifies the fatty acyl chain binding pocket. Ser 135, Tyr148 and Lys152 in CBR4 subunit are the catalytic triad residues involved in the catalysis. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

-	<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD ~~bindig~~ site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.	+	<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD binding site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.

Michal Harel at 10:18, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T10:18:41Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 12 January 2020
Line 4:		Line 4:
	==Function==		==Function==
	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>		The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>
		+
		+	See also [[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]].

	==Disease==		==Disease==

Michal Harel at 10:13, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T10:13:06Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:13, 12 January 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
-
	<StructureSection load='4cqm' size='240' side='right' caption='Human ketoacyl reductase complex with NADP (PDB code [[4cqm]])' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='4cqm' size='240' side='right' caption='Human ketoacyl reductase complex with NADP (PDB code [[4cqm]])' scene=''>

-		+	__TOC__
	==Function==		==Function==
	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>		The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

-	==Disease--	+	==Disease==
	Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.		Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.

Michal Harel at 10:12, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T10:12:28Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 12 January 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	==Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')==Crystal structure of heterotetrameric human ketoacyl reductase complexed with NAD and NADP
-	<StructureSection load='4cqm' size='240' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
-	This is a default text for your page '''Human Keto Acyl Reductase'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.
-	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.

-	'''~~Function~~'''	+	<StructureSection load='4cqm' size='240' side='right' caption='Human ketoacyl reductase complex with NADP (PDB code [[4cqm]])' scene=''>
		+
		+
		+	==Function==
	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>		The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

-	~~'''~~Disease~~'''~~	+	==Disease--
	Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.		Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.

-	~~'''~~Relevance~~'''~~	+	==Relevance==
	All other mtFAS enzymes identified so far are encoded by a single gene while KAR complex is encoded by two different genes HSD17B8 and CBR4.Both subunits complement each other to form a stable quaternary structure as seen in the crystal structure. Further, the functional studies suggest that CBR4 is the functional subunit of KAR. Whereas, HSD17B8 works as a scaffold protein to facilitate the function and stability of KAR. HSD17B8 may works as an auxiliary fatty acid beta oxidation enzymes for the oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA metabolites.		All other mtFAS enzymes identified so far are encoded by a single gene while KAR complex is encoded by two different genes HSD17B8 and CBR4.Both subunits complement each other to form a stable quaternary structure as seen in the crystal structure. Further, the functional studies suggest that CBR4 is the functional subunit of KAR. Whereas, HSD17B8 works as a scaffold protein to facilitate the function and stability of KAR. HSD17B8 may works as an auxiliary fatty acid beta oxidation enzymes for the oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA metabolites.

-	~~'''~~Structural highlights~~'''~~	+	==Structural highlights==
	Crystal structure of human mitochondrial heteroterameric KAR is solved at 2.34 Å. The co-factors NAD is selectively bound to the HSD17B8 subunits whereas NADP is bound to the CBR4 subunits. Both NAD and NADP are stabilized by several conserved hydrogen bonding interactions in their respective binding sites. The Asp42, Arg12 and Arg 34 are the crucial residues for co-factor recognition. Acetate ion is also bound near NAD, which identifies the fatty acyl chain binding pocket. Ser 135, Tyr148 and Lys152 in CBR4 subunit are the catalytic triad residues involved in the catalysis. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>		Crystal structure of human mitochondrial heteroterameric KAR is solved at 2.34 Å. The co-factors NAD is selectively bound to the HSD17B8 subunits whereas NADP is bound to the CBR4 subunits. Both NAD and NADP are stabilized by several conserved hydrogen bonding interactions in their respective binding sites. The Asp42, Arg12 and Arg 34 are the crucial residues for co-factor recognition. Acetate ion is also bound near NAD, which identifies the fatty acyl chain binding pocket. Ser 135, Tyr148 and Lys152 in CBR4 subunit are the catalytic triad residues involved in the catalysis. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

Shiv K. Sah-Teli at 08:04, 5 April 2019

2019-04-05T08:04:16Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:04, 5 April 2019
Line 18:		Line 18:
	<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD bindig site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.		<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD bindig site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.

-	~~ghghhhhhh<scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene>~~	+

	This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.		This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.

Shiv K. Sah-Teli at 08:03, 5 April 2019

2019-04-05T08:03:42Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:03, 5 April 2019
Line 18:		Line 18:
	<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD bindig site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.		<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD bindig site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.

-		+	ghghhhhhh<scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene>

	This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.		This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.

Rajaram Venkatesan at 15:44, 15 March 2019

2019-03-15T15:44:18Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 15 March 2019
Line 7:		Line 7:
	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>		The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

-	== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.	+	'''Disease'''
		+	Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.

-	== Relevance == All other mtFAS enzymes identified so far are encoded by a single gene while KAR complex is encoded by two different genes HSD17B8 and CBR4.Both subunits complement each other to form a stable quaternary structure as seen in the crystal structure. Further, the functional studies suggest that CBR4 is the functional subunit of KAR. Whereas, HSD17B8 works as a scaffold protein to facilitate the function and stability of KAR. HSD17B8 may works as an auxiliary fatty acid beta oxidation enzymes for the oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA metabolites.	+	'''Relevance'''
		+	All other mtFAS enzymes identified so far are encoded by a single gene while KAR complex is encoded by two different genes HSD17B8 and CBR4.Both subunits complement each other to form a stable quaternary structure as seen in the crystal structure. Further, the functional studies suggest that CBR4 is the functional subunit of KAR. Whereas, HSD17B8 works as a scaffold protein to facilitate the function and stability of KAR. HSD17B8 may works as an auxiliary fatty acid beta oxidation enzymes for the oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA metabolites.

-	== Structural highlights == Crystal structure of human mitochondrial heteroterameric KAR is solved at 2.34 Å. The co-factors NAD is selectively bound to the HSD17B8 subunits whereas NADP is bound to the CBR4 subunits. Both NAD and NADP are stabilized by several conserved hydrogen bonding interactions in their respective binding sites. The Asp42, Arg12 and Arg 34 are the crucial residues for co-factor recognition. Acetate ion is also bound near NAD, which identifies the fatty acyl chain binding pocket. Ser 135, Tyr148 and Lys152 in CBR4 subunit are the catalytic triad residues involved in the catalysis. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>	+	'''Structural highlights'''
		+	Crystal structure of human mitochondrial heteroterameric KAR is solved at 2.34 Å. The co-factors NAD is selectively bound to the HSD17B8 subunits whereas NADP is bound to the CBR4 subunits. Both NAD and NADP are stabilized by several conserved hydrogen bonding interactions in their respective binding sites. The Asp42, Arg12 and Arg 34 are the crucial residues for co-factor recognition. Acetate ion is also bound near NAD, which identifies the fatty acyl chain binding pocket. Ser 135, Tyr148 and Lys152 in CBR4 subunit are the catalytic triad residues involved in the catalysis. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

	<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD bindig site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.		<scene name='80/809823/Cofactors/1'>Cofactors</scene> are bound to the each subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nad-a/2'>NAD</scene> is bound in HSD17B8 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Nadp-c/1'>NADP</scene> is bound to the CBR4 subunit. <scene name='80/809823/Ethanediol/2'>1,2-Ethanediol</scene> is bound near the NAD bindig site. <scene name='80/809823/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene> is also bound in the structure.

Rajaram Venkatesan at 15:15, 15 March 2019

2019-03-15T15:15:28Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 15 March 2019
Line 4:		Line 4:
	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.		You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.

-	Function The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>	+	'''Function'''
		+	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

	== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.		== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.

Rajaram Venkatesan at 15:15, 15 March 2019

2019-03-15T15:15:02Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 15 March 2019
Line 4:		Line 4:
	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.		You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.

-	== Function == The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>	+	Function The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

	== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.		== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.

Rajaram Venkatesan at 15:13, 15 March 2019

2019-03-15T15:13:42Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 15 March 2019
Line 4:		Line 4:
	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.		You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.

-	== Function == The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. ~~Keto~~ acyl carrier protein reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>	+	== Function == The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway generates precursors for mitochondrally generated alpha-lipoic acids. Defeciency of mtFAS leads to respiratory chain degects and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mtFAS has four enzymatic steps, catalyzed by four different enzymes. Ketoacyl acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) reductase (KAR) catalyzes the second step of mtFAS pathway, where 3-ketoacyl-ACP is reduced to 3R-hydroxyacyl-ACP utilizing NADPH as cofactor. KAR is a heterotetrameric complex made from two different polypeptides: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 8 (HSD17B8 or KE6, α-subunit) and carbonyl reductase type 4 (CBR4 or SDR45C1, β-subunit)9. <ref>PMID:25203508</ref>

	== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.		== Disease == Deficiency of the KAR or mtFAS pathway leads to respiratory chain defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in eukaryotes.