Sandbox Reserved 1770 - Revision history

http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770 Sandbox Reserved 1770 - Revision history 2026-04-05T07:17:34Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.11.2 http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3739128&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:47, 27 March 2023 2023-03-27T17:47:25Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:47, 27 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 36:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 36:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>To transport a single bile salt from the blood to the cytoplasm of the liver cell, two sodium ions are required to be bound to to NTCP in the open-pore state in association with specific residues of the molecule. This is because the transport of bile salts into the cell is so thermodynamically unfavorable , the reaction has to be coupled to the favorable transport of 2 sodium into into the cell. When the bile salts are released into the cell, the protein is then reverted to the inward facing conformation, in which the pore through which the bile salt had just passed is now closed. This is an example of secondary active transport. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #1 includes S105, N106, E257, and T123. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #2 includes Q261 and Q68. Mutations to these significant residues will inhibit the binding of sodium ions, and therefore, inhibit the overall function of NTCP.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>To transport a single bile salt from the blood to the cytoplasm of the liver cell, two sodium ions are required to be bound to to NTCP in the open-pore state in association with specific residues of the molecule. This is because the transport of bile salts into the cell is so thermodynamically unfavorable , the reaction has to be coupled to the favorable transport of 2 sodium into into the cell. When the bile salts are released into the cell, the protein is then reverted to the inward facing conformation, in which the pore through which the bile salt had just passed is now closed. This is an example of secondary active transport. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #1 includes S105, N106, E257, and T123. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #2 includes Q261 and Q68. Mutations to these significant residues will inhibit the binding of sodium ions, and therefore, inhibit the overall function of NTCP.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><scene name='95/952698/Sodium_binding_sites/<del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1</del>'><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TextToBeDisplayed</del></scene></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><scene name='95/952698/Sodium_binding_sites/<ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2</ins>'><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sodium Binding Sites</ins></scene></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Significant Residues ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Significant Residues ===</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735541&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 18:52, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T18:52:12Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:52, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 35:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>To transport a single bile salt from the blood to the cytoplasm of the liver cell, two sodium ions are required to be bound to to NTCP in the open-pore state in association with specific residues of the molecule. This is because the transport of bile salts into the cell is so thermodynamically unfavorable , the reaction has to be coupled to the favorable transport of 2 sodium into into the cell. When the bile salts are released into the cell, the protein is then reverted to the inward facing conformation, in which the pore through which the bile salt had just passed is now closed. This is an example of secondary active transport. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #1 includes S105, N106, E257, and T123. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #2 includes Q261 and Q68. Mutations to these significant residues will inhibit the binding of sodium ions, and therefore, inhibit the overall function of NTCP.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>To transport a single bile salt from the blood to the cytoplasm of the liver cell, two sodium ions are required to be bound to to NTCP in the open-pore state in association with specific residues of the molecule. This is because the transport of bile salts into the cell is so thermodynamically unfavorable , the reaction has to be coupled to the favorable transport of 2 sodium into into the cell. When the bile salts are released into the cell, the protein is then reverted to the inward facing conformation, in which the pore through which the bile salt had just passed is now closed. This is an example of secondary active transport. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #1 includes S105, N106, E257, and T123. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #2 includes Q261 and Q68. Mutations to these significant residues will inhibit the binding of sodium ions, and therefore, inhibit the overall function of NTCP.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><scene name='95/952698/Sodium_binding_sites/1'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Significant Residues ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Significant Residues ===</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735505&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 18:08, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T18:08:38Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:08, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Sodium Binding Sites ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Sodium Binding Sites ===</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>To transport a single bile salt from the blood to the cytoplasm of the liver cell, two sodium ions are required to be bound to to NTCP in the open-pore state in association with specific residues of the molecule. This is because the transport of bile salts into the cell is so thermodynamically unfavorable , the reaction has to be coupled to the favorable transport of 2 sodium into into the cell. When the bile salts are released into the cell, the protein is then reverted to the inward facing conformation, in which the pore through which the bile salt had just passed is now closed. This is an example of secondary active transport. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #1 includes S105, N106, E257, and T123. The residues interacting with the sodium ion in sodium binding site #2 includes Q261 and Q68. Mutations to these significant residues will inhibit the binding of sodium ions, and therefore, inhibit the overall function of NTCP.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Significant Residues ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Significant Residues ===</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735493&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:54, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:54:26Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:54, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 16:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 16:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Qi"> Qi X, Li W. Unlocking the secrets to human NTCP structure. Innovation (Camb). 2022 Aug 1;3(5):100294. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Qi"> Qi X, Li W. Unlocking the secrets to human NTCP structure. Innovation (Camb). 2022 Aug 1;3(5):100294. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Zhang"> Zhang X, Zhang Q, Peng Q, Zhou J, Liao L, Sun X, Zhang L, Gong T. Hepatitis B virus preS1-derived lipopeptide functionalized liposomes for targeting of hepatic cells. Biomaterials. 2014 Jul;35(23):6130-41. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.037. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.037]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735492&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:51, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:51:43Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:51, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) is found within the membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocyte], and its primary role is to facilitate the transport of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid bile salts] into hepatocytes from the bloodstream. This is important because 90% of human bile salts are recycled daily, so the function of NTCP is critical in providing bile salts to solubilize fats for digestion. Bile salts are derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol cholesterol], and they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids. Their mixture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe hydrophobic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile hydrophilic] regions allow them to act as a bridge between aqueous and lipid environments. In the small intestine, bile salts [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsify] fats and cholesterol into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle micelles]. Without bile, fats would spontaneously separate out of the aqueous mixture in the duodenum and would not be accessible to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_lipase_family#Human_pancreatic_lipase pancreatic lipase] to break down fat in your diet. Proper fat digestion requires both pancreatic lipase and bile, so the working transport of bile salts through NTCP in necessary to facilitate this action. In addition to transporting bile salts into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, NTCP also serves as a receptor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B Hepatitis B (HBV)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D Hepatitis D (HDV)] viruses.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) is found within the membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocyte], and its primary role is to facilitate the transport of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid bile salts] into hepatocytes from the bloodstream. This is important because 90% of human bile salts are recycled daily, so the function of NTCP is critical in providing bile salts to solubilize fats for digestion. Bile salts are derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol cholesterol], and they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids. Their mixture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe hydrophobic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile hydrophilic] regions allow them to act as a bridge between aqueous and lipid environments. In the small intestine, bile salts [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsify] fats and cholesterol into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle micelles]. Without bile, fats would spontaneously separate out of the aqueous mixture in the duodenum and would not be accessible to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_lipase_family#Human_pancreatic_lipase pancreatic lipase] to break down fat in your diet. Proper fat digestion requires both pancreatic lipase and bile, so the working transport of bile salts through NTCP in necessary to facilitate this action. In addition to transporting bile salts into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, NTCP also serves as a receptor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B Hepatitis B (HBV)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D Hepatitis D (HDV)] viruses.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Asami"> Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Ishida H, Zhang Z, Nomura Y, Liu K, Uemura T, Sato Y, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Noda T, Shigematsu H, Drew D, Iwata S, Shimizu T, Nomura N, Ohto U. Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun; 606 (7916):1021-1026. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Asami"> Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Ishida H, Zhang Z, Nomura Y, Liu K, Uemura T, Sato Y, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Noda T, Shigematsu H, Drew D, Iwata S, Shimizu T, Nomura N, Ohto U. Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun; 606 (7916):1021-1026. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 16:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Liu"> Liu H, Irobalieva RN, Bang-Sørensen R, Nosol K, Mukherjee S, Agrawal P, Stieger B, Kossiakoff AA, Locher KP. Structure of human NTCP reveals the basis of recognition and sodium-driven transport of bile salts into the liver. Cell Res. 2022 Aug;32(8):773-776. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-022-00680-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00680-4]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Liu"> Liu H, Irobalieva RN, Bang-Sørensen R, Nosol K, Mukherjee S, Agrawal P, Stieger B, Kossiakoff AA, Locher KP. Structure of human NTCP reveals the basis of recognition and sodium-driven transport of bile salts into the liver. Cell Res. 2022 Aug;32(8):773-776. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-022-00680-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00680-4]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Qi"> Qi X, Li W. Unlocking the secrets to human NTCP structure. Innovation (Camb). 2022 Aug 1;3(5):100294. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100294]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735490&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:49, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:49:04Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:49, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) is found within the membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocyte], and its primary role is to facilitate the transport of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid bile salts] into hepatocytes from the bloodstream. This is important because 90% of human bile salts are recycled daily, so the function of NTCP is critical in providing bile salts to solubilize fats for digestion. Bile salts are derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol cholesterol], and they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids. Their mixture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe hydrophobic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile hydrophilic] regions allow them to act as a bridge between aqueous and lipid environments. In the small intestine, bile salts [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsify] fats and cholesterol into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle micelles]. Without bile, fats would spontaneously separate out of the aqueous mixture in the duodenum and would not be accessible to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_lipase_family#Human_pancreatic_lipase pancreatic lipase] to break down fat in your diet. Proper fat digestion requires both pancreatic lipase and bile, so the working transport of bile salts through NTCP in necessary to facilitate this action. In addition to transporting bile salts into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, NTCP also serves as a receptor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B Hepatitis B (HBV)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D Hepatitis D (HDV)] viruses.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) is found within the membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocyte], and its primary role is to facilitate the transport of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid bile salts] into hepatocytes from the bloodstream. This is important because 90% of human bile salts are recycled daily, so the function of NTCP is critical in providing bile salts to solubilize fats for digestion. Bile salts are derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol cholesterol], and they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids. Their mixture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe hydrophobic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile hydrophilic] regions allow them to act as a bridge between aqueous and lipid environments. In the small intestine, bile salts [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsify] fats and cholesterol into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle micelles]. Without bile, fats would spontaneously separate out of the aqueous mixture in the duodenum and would not be accessible to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_lipase_family#Human_pancreatic_lipase pancreatic lipase] to break down fat in your diet. Proper fat digestion requires both pancreatic lipase and bile, so the working transport of bile salts through NTCP in necessary to facilitate this action. In addition to transporting bile salts into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, NTCP also serves as a receptor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B Hepatitis B (HBV)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D Hepatitis D (HDV)] viruses.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name="Liu">PMID:35726088</ref></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735489&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:48, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:48:44Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:48, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Park"> Park JH, Iwamoto M, Yun JH, Uchikubo-Kamo T, Son D, Jin Z, Yoshida H, Ohki M, Ishimoto N, Mizutani K, Oshima M, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Shirouzu M, Liu K, Uemura T, Nomura N, Iwata S, Watashi K, Tame JRH, Nishizawa T, Lee W, Park SY. Structural insights into the HBV receptor and bile acid transporter NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7916):1027-1031. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Park"> Park JH, Iwamoto M, Yun JH, Uchikubo-Kamo T, Son D, Jin Z, Yoshida H, Ohki M, Ishimoto N, Mizutani K, Oshima M, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Shirouzu M, Liu K, Uemura T, Nomura N, Iwata S, Watashi K, Tame JRH, Nishizawa T, Lee W, Park SY. Structural insights into the HBV receptor and bile acid transporter NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7916):1027-1031. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Liu"> Liu H, Irobalieva RN, Bang-Sørensen R, Nosol K, Mukherjee S, Agrawal P, Stieger B, Kossiakoff AA, Locher KP. Structure of human NTCP reveals the basis of recognition and sodium-driven transport of bile salts into the liver. Cell Res. 2022 Aug;32(8):773-776. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-022-00680-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00680-4]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735485&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:46, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:46:01Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:46, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 5:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 5:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Introduction ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Introduction ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) is found within the membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocyte], and its primary role is to facilitate the transport of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid bile salts] into hepatocytes from the bloodstream. This is important because 90% of human bile salts are recycled daily, so the function of NTCP is critical in providing bile salts to solubilize fats for digestion. Bile salts are derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol cholesterol], and they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids. Their mixture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe hydrophobic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile hydrophilic] regions allow them to act as a bridge between aqueous and lipid environments. In the small intestine, bile salts [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsify] fats and cholesterol into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle micelles]. Without bile, fats would spontaneously separate out of the aqueous mixture in the duodenum and would not be accessible to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_lipase_family#Human_pancreatic_lipase pancreatic lipase] to break down fat in your diet. Proper fat digestion requires both pancreatic lipase and bile, so the working transport of bile salts through NTCP in necessary to facilitate this action. In addition to transporting bile salts into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, NTCP also serves as a receptor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B Hepatitis B (HBV)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D Hepatitis D (HDV)] viruses.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) is found within the membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocyte], and its primary role is to facilitate the transport of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid bile salts] into hepatocytes from the bloodstream. This is important because 90% of human bile salts are recycled daily, so the function of NTCP is critical in providing bile salts to solubilize fats for digestion. Bile salts are derived from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol cholesterol], and they serve an important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and ultimately facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids. Their mixture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe hydrophobic] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile hydrophilic] regions allow them to act as a bridge between aqueous and lipid environments. In the small intestine, bile salts [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsify] fats and cholesterol into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle micelles]. Without bile, fats would spontaneously separate out of the aqueous mixture in the duodenum and would not be accessible to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_lipase_family#Human_pancreatic_lipase pancreatic lipase] to break down fat in your diet. Proper fat digestion requires both pancreatic lipase and bile, so the working transport of bile salts through NTCP in necessary to facilitate this action. In addition to transporting bile salts into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, NTCP also serves as a receptor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B Hepatitis B (HBV)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D Hepatitis D (HDV)] viruses.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Park">PMID:35580630</ref></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Liu">PMID:35726088</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Liu">PMID:35726088</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Asami"> Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Ishida H, Zhang Z, Nomura Y, Liu K, Uemura T, Sato Y, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Noda T, Shigematsu H, Drew D, Iwata S, Shimizu T, Nomura N, Ohto U. Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun; 606 (7916):1021-1026. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Asami"> Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Ishida H, Zhang Z, Nomura Y, Liu K, Uemura T, Sato Y, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Noda T, Shigematsu H, Drew D, Iwata S, Shimizu T, Nomura N, Ohto U. Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun; 606 (7916):1021-1026. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Goutam"> Goutam K, Ielasi FS, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Reyes N. Structural basis of sodium-dependent bile salt uptake into the liver. Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7916):1015-1020. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Goutam"> Goutam K, Ielasi FS, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Reyes N. Structural basis of sodium-dependent bile salt uptake into the liver. Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7916):1015-1020. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Park"> Park JH, Iwamoto M, Yun JH, Uchikubo-Kamo T, Son D, Jin Z, Yoshida H, Ohki M, Ishimoto N, Mizutani K, Oshima M, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Shirouzu M, Liu K, Uemura T, Nomura N, Iwata S, Watashi K, Tame JRH, Nishizawa T, Lee W, Park SY. Structural insights into the HBV receptor and bile acid transporter NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7916):1027-1031. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735484&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:41, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:41:42Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:41, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 7:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Park">PMID:35580630</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Park">PMID:35580630</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref name="Goutam">PMID:35545671</ref></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Liu">PMID:35726088</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Liu">PMID:35726088</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php?title=Sandbox_Reserved_1770&diff=3735483&oldid=prev Zachary Stanley at 17:41, 20 March 2023 2023-03-20T17:41:10Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:41, 20 March 2023</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ref name="Qi">PMID:36032196</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Asami"> Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Ishida H, Zhang Z, Nomura Y, Liu K, Uemura T, Sato Y, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Noda T, Shigematsu H, Drew D, Iwata S, Shimizu T, Nomura N, Ohto U. Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun; 606 (7916):1021-1026. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4]. </Ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Asami"> Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Ishida H, Zhang Z, Nomura Y, Liu K, Uemura T, Sato Y, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Noda T, Shigematsu H, Drew D, Iwata S, Shimizu T, Nomura N, Ohto U. Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature. 2022 Jun; 606 (7916):1021-1026. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04845-4]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><Ref name="Goutam"> Goutam K, Ielasi FS, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Reyes N. Structural basis of sodium-dependent bile salt uptake into the liver. Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7916):1015-1020. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z]. </Ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Function ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Zachary Stanley