User:Victoria Fisk/Canine Parvovirus - Revision history

Victoria Fisk: Removing all content from page

2022-11-23T21:32:33Z

Removing all content from page

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:32, 23 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	<Structure load='3jcx' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />
-	'''Canine Parvovirus'''
-	----

-	==History==
-	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell, 2021). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.
-
-	==Disease==
-	Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of dogs that most often causes gastrointestinal distress in puppies. . A rare variant of the disease may be seen in very young (neonatal) puppies is inflammation of the heart muscle (Cornell, 2021).
-
-	==Infection==
-	The capsid of the virus performs many complex steps including DNA replication, nuclear export, cell receptor binding etc. The capsid also protects the genome during transfer and while infecting animal hosts. Depending on the type of virus, the capsid may be species specific.
-
-	==Diagnosis==
-	CPV is typically diagnosed through detection of the CPV2 virus in feces using ELISA, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other methods of detection include electron microscopy or a hemagglutination test. As the disease progresses, the virus becomes less likely to be detected in the feces by ELISA. When it has caused gastroenteritis, diagnoses can be misdiagnosed as coronavirus or other forms of enteritis causing diseases. When CPV has infected the pericardium, diagnoses can be made easier and quicker (Cornell, 2021).
-
-	==Treatment==
-	CPV has no approved treatment and can quickly progess depending on the age of the canine, and how much treatment is administered. Most cases of CPV are treated using supportive care, preventing dehydration and increasing quality of life. Vaccination is the best prevention for lethal CPV cases and tests should be administered as soon as avaliable. Supportive case includes intravenus fluids, antibiotic injections, and anti-inflammatories.
-
-	==Structural highlights==
-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral <scene name='93/933985/Capsid/1'>capsid</scene> structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/7'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene>.This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.
-
-	==References==
-	Bank, R. C. S. B. P. D. (n.d.). 3JCX: Canine parvovirus complexed with Fab E. RCSB PDB. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3JCX
-
-	Canine parvovirus. Canine Parvovirus: Signs and Treatment \| Vet Focus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://vetfocus.royalcanin.com/en/scientific/canine-parvovirus
-
-	Canine parvovirus. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2021, December 21). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/our-research/canine-parvovirus
-
-	Kilian, E., Suchodolski, J. S., Hartmann, K., Mueller, R. S., Wess, G., & Unterer, S. (2018). Long-term effects of canine parvovirus infection in dogs. PLOS ONE, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192198
-
-	MG;, W. H. R. (n.d.). The canine parvovirus empty capsid structure. Journal of molecular biology. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8377200/#:~:text=The%20structure%20of%20empty%20canine%20parvovirus%20capsids%20shows,has%20been%20found%20in%20many%20other%20virus%20structures.
-
-	Nandi, S., & Kumar, M. (2010, June). Canine parvovirus: Current perspective. Indian journal of virology : an official organ of Indian Virological Society. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550768/
-
-	Organtini, L. J., Lee, H., Iketani, S., Huang, K., Ashley, R. E., Makhov, A. M., Conway, J. F., Parrish, C. R., & Hafenstein, S. (2016). Near-atomic resolution structure of a highly neutralizing fab bound to canine parvovirus. Journal of Virology, 90(21), 9733–9742. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01112-16
-
-	Parvovirus: Transmission to treatment. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2022, September 26). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/health-info/parvovirus-transmission-treatment
-
-	Pollock, R. V., & Coyne, M. J. (1993, May). Canine parvovirus. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134481/
-
-	What is parvo? - visit and learn at: Canineparvovirus.org (FAQ page). Canine Parvovirus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://canineparvovirus.org/what-is-parvo/

Victoria Fisk at 21:29, 23 November 2022

2022-11-23T21:29:17Z

←Older revision	Revision as of 21:29, 23 November 2022
Line 1:	Line 1:
	+	<Structure load='3jcx' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />
	+	'''Canine Parvovirus'''
	+	----

	+	==History==
	+	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell, 2021). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.
	+
	+	==Disease==
	+	Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of dogs that most often causes gastrointestinal distress in puppies. . A rare variant of the disease may be seen in very young (neonatal) puppies is inflammation of the heart muscle (Cornell, 2021).
	+
	+	==Infection==
	+	The capsid of the virus performs many complex steps including DNA replication, nuclear export, cell receptor binding etc. The capsid also protects the genome during transfer and while infecting animal hosts. Depending on the type of virus, the capsid may be species specific.
	+
	+	==Diagnosis==
	+	CPV is typically diagnosed through detection of the CPV2 virus in feces using ELISA, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other methods of detection include electron microscopy or a hemagglutination test. As the disease progresses, the virus becomes less likely to be detected in the feces by ELISA. When it has caused gastroenteritis, diagnoses can be misdiagnosed as coronavirus or other forms of enteritis causing diseases. When CPV has infected the pericardium, diagnoses can be made easier and quicker (Cornell, 2021).
	+
	+	==Treatment==
	+	CPV has no approved treatment and can quickly progess depending on the age of the canine, and how much treatment is administered. Most cases of CPV are treated using supportive care, preventing dehydration and increasing quality of life. Vaccination is the best prevention for lethal CPV cases and tests should be administered as soon as avaliable. Supportive case includes intravenus fluids, antibiotic injections, and anti-inflammatories.
	+
	+	==Structural highlights==
	+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral <scene name='93/933985/Capsid/1'>capsid</scene> structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/7'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene>.This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.
	+
	+	==References==
	+	Bank, R. C. S. B. P. D. (n.d.). 3JCX: Canine parvovirus complexed with Fab E. RCSB PDB. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3JCX
	+
	+	Canine parvovirus. Canine Parvovirus: Signs and Treatment \| Vet Focus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://vetfocus.royalcanin.com/en/scientific/canine-parvovirus
	+
	+	Canine parvovirus. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2021, December 21). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/our-research/canine-parvovirus
	+
	+	Kilian, E., Suchodolski, J. S., Hartmann, K., Mueller, R. S., Wess, G., & Unterer, S. (2018). Long-term effects of canine parvovirus infection in dogs. PLOS ONE, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192198
	+
	+	MG;, W. H. R. (n.d.). The canine parvovirus empty capsid structure. Journal of molecular biology. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8377200/#:~:text=The%20structure%20of%20empty%20canine%20parvovirus%20capsids%20shows,has%20been%20found%20in%20many%20other%20virus%20structures.
	+
	+	Nandi, S., & Kumar, M. (2010, June). Canine parvovirus: Current perspective. Indian journal of virology : an official organ of Indian Virological Society. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550768/
	+
	+	Organtini, L. J., Lee, H., Iketani, S., Huang, K., Ashley, R. E., Makhov, A. M., Conway, J. F., Parrish, C. R., & Hafenstein, S. (2016). Near-atomic resolution structure of a highly neutralizing fab bound to canine parvovirus. Journal of Virology, 90(21), 9733–9742. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01112-16
	+
	+	Parvovirus: Transmission to treatment. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2022, September 26). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/health-info/parvovirus-transmission-treatment
	+
	+	Pollock, R. V., & Coyne, M. J. (1993, May). Canine parvovirus. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134481/
	+
	+	What is parvo? - visit and learn at: Canineparvovirus.org (FAQ page). Canine Parvovirus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://canineparvovirus.org/what-is-parvo/

Victoria Fisk: Removing all content from page

2022-11-23T21:28:25Z

Removing all content from page

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:28, 23 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	<Structure load='3jcx' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />
-	==History==
-	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell, 2021). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.

-	==Disease==
-	Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of dogs that most often causes gastrointestinal distress in puppies. . A rare variant of the disease may be seen in very young (neonatal) puppies is inflammation of the heart muscle (Cornell, 2021).
-
-	==Infection==
-	The capsid of the virus performs many complex steps including DNA replication, nuclear export, cell receptor binding etc. The capsid also protects the genome during transfer and while infecting animal hosts. Depending on the type of virus, the capsid may be species specific.
-
-	==Diagnosis==
-	CPV is typically diagnosed through detection of the CPV2 virus in feces using ELISA, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other methods of detection include electron microscopy or a hemagglutination test. As the disease progresses, the virus becomes less likely to be detected in the feces by ELISA. When it has caused gastroenteritis, diagnoses can be misdiagnosed as coronavirus or other forms of enteritis causing diseases. When CPV has infected the pericardium, diagnoses can be made easier and quicker (Cornell, 2021).
-
-	==Treatment==
-	CPV has no approved treatment and can quickly progess depending on the age of the canine, and how much treatment is administered. Most cases of CPV are treated using supportive care, preventing dehydration and increasing quality of life. Vaccination is the best prevention for lethal CPV cases and tests should be administered as soon as avaliable. Supportive case includes intravenus fluids, antibiotic injections, and anti-inflammatories.
-
-	==Structural highlights==
-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral <scene name='93/933985/Capsid/1'>capsid</scene> structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/7'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene>.This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.
-
-	==References==
-	Bank, R. C. S. B. P. D. (n.d.). 3JCX: Canine parvovirus complexed with Fab E. RCSB PDB. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3JCX
-
-	Canine parvovirus. Canine Parvovirus: Signs and Treatment \| Vet Focus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://vetfocus.royalcanin.com/en/scientific/canine-parvovirus
-
-	Canine parvovirus. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2021, December 21). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/our-research/canine-parvovirus
-
-	Kilian, E., Suchodolski, J. S., Hartmann, K., Mueller, R. S., Wess, G., & Unterer, S. (2018). Long-term effects of canine parvovirus infection in dogs. PLOS ONE, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192198
-
-	MG;, W. H. R. (n.d.). The canine parvovirus empty capsid structure. Journal of molecular biology. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8377200/#:~:text=The%20structure%20of%20empty%20canine%20parvovirus%20capsids%20shows,has%20been%20found%20in%20many%20other%20virus%20structures.
-
-	Nandi, S., & Kumar, M. (2010, June). Canine parvovirus: Current perspective. Indian journal of virology : an official organ of Indian Virological Society. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550768/
-
-	Organtini, L. J., Lee, H., Iketani, S., Huang, K., Ashley, R. E., Makhov, A. M., Conway, J. F., Parrish, C. R., & Hafenstein, S. (2016). Near-atomic resolution structure of a highly neutralizing fab bound to canine parvovirus. Journal of Virology, 90(21), 9733–9742. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01112-16
-
-	Parvovirus: Transmission to treatment. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2022, September 26). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/health-info/parvovirus-transmission-treatment
-
-	Pollock, R. V., & Coyne, M. J. (1993, May). Canine parvovirus. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134481/
-
-	What is parvo? - visit and learn at: Canineparvovirus.org (FAQ page). Canine Parvovirus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://canineparvovirus.org/what-is-parvo/

Victoria Fisk at 21:33, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T21:33:51Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 15 November 2022
Line 16:		Line 16:

	==Structural highlights==		==Structural highlights==
-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/7'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene>.This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.	+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral <scene name='93/933985/Capsid/1'>capsid</scene> structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/7'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene>.This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.

	==References==		==References==

Victoria Fisk at 21:24, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T21:24:51Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 15 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	<Structure load='3jcx' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />
	==History==		==History==
	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell, 2021). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.		Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell, 2021). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.

Victoria Fisk at 21:24, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T21:24:16Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 15 November 2022
Line 15:		Line 15:

	==Structural highlights==		==Structural highlights==
-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <~~Structure load~~='~~3jcx' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene=~~'antiparallel β-barrel motif' />This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.	+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/7'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene>.This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.

	==References==		==References==

Victoria Fisk at 21:20, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T21:20:37Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:20, 15 November 2022
Line 15:		Line 15:

	==Structural highlights==		==Structural highlights==
-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel motif. This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.	+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <Structure load='3jcx' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='antiparallel β-barrel motif' />This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. These spikes bind to the transferrin of the host cells. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.

	==References==		==References==

Victoria Fisk at 06:26, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T06:26:58Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:26, 15 November 2022
Line 15:		Line 15:

	==Structural highlights==		==Structural highlights==
-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel motif This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.	+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel motif. This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.

	==References==		==References==

Victoria Fisk at 06:26, 15 November 2022

2022-11-15T06:26:04Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:26, 15 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==History==		==History==
-	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.	+	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell, 2021). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.

-	== Disease ==	+	==Disease==
-	Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of dogs that most often causes gastrointestinal distress in puppies. . A rare variant of the disease may be seen in very young (neonatal) puppies is ~~myocarditis (an~~ inflammation of the heart muscle).	+	Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of dogs that most often causes gastrointestinal distress in puppies. . A rare variant of the disease may be seen in very young (neonatal) puppies is inflammation of the heart muscle (Cornell, 2021).
		+
		+	==Infection==
		+	The capsid of the virus performs many complex steps including DNA replication, nuclear export, cell receptor binding etc. The capsid also protects the genome during transfer and while infecting animal hosts. Depending on the type of virus, the capsid may be species specific.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
-	CPV is typically diagnosed through detection of the CPV2 virus in feces using ELISA, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other methods of detection include electron microscopy or a hemagglutination test. As the disease progresses, the virus becomes less likely to be detected in the feces by ELISA. When it has caused gastroenteritis, diagnoses can be misdiagnosed as coronavirus or other forms of enteritis causing diseases. When CPV has infected the pericardium, diagnoses can be made easier and quicker.	+	CPV is typically diagnosed through detection of the CPV2 virus in feces using ELISA, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other methods of detection include electron microscopy or a hemagglutination test. As the disease progresses, the virus becomes less likely to be detected in the feces by ELISA. When it has caused gastroenteritis, diagnoses can be misdiagnosed as coronavirus or other forms of enteritis causing diseases. When CPV has infected the pericardium, diagnoses can be made easier and quicker (Cornell, 2021).

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	CPV has no approved treatment and can quickly progess depending on the age of the canine, and how much treatment is administered. Most cases of CPV are treated using supportive care, preventing dehydration and increasing quality of life. Vaccination is the best prevention for lethal CPV cases and tests should be administered as soon as avaliable. Supportive case includes intravenus fluids, antibiotic injections, and anti-inflammatories.		CPV has no approved treatment and can quickly progess depending on the age of the canine, and how much treatment is administered. Most cases of CPV are treated using supportive care, preventing dehydration and increasing quality of life. Vaccination is the best prevention for lethal CPV cases and tests should be administered as soon as avaliable. Supportive case includes intravenus fluids, antibiotic injections, and anti-inflammatories.

-	== ~~Relevance~~ ==	+	==Structural highlights==
		+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains three major capsid proteins, known as VP1, VP3, and VP2. VP1 is a structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid (Bank, 2022). Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel motif This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.
		+
		+	==References==
		+	Bank, R. C. S. B. P. D. (n.d.). 3JCX: Canine parvovirus complexed with Fab E. RCSB PDB. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3JCX
		+
		+	Canine parvovirus. Canine Parvovirus: Signs and Treatment \| Vet Focus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://vetfocus.royalcanin.com/en/scientific/canine-parvovirus
		+
		+	Canine parvovirus. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2021, December 21). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/our-research/canine-parvovirus
		+
		+	Kilian, E., Suchodolski, J. S., Hartmann, K., Mueller, R. S., Wess, G., & Unterer, S. (2018). Long-term effects of canine parvovirus infection in dogs. PLOS ONE, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192198
		+
		+	MG;, W. H. R. (n.d.). The canine parvovirus empty capsid structure. Journal of molecular biology. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8377200/#:~:text=The%20structure%20of%20empty%20canine%20parvovirus%20capsids%20shows,has%20been%20found%20in%20many%20other%20virus%20structures.
		+
		+	Nandi, S., & Kumar, M. (2010, June). Canine parvovirus: Current perspective. Indian journal of virology : an official organ of Indian Virological Society. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550768/

-	~~== Structural highlights ==~~	+	Organtini, L. J., Lee, H., Iketani, S., Huang, K., Ashley, R. E., Makhov, A. M., Conway, J. F., Parrish, C. R., & Hafenstein, S. (2016). Near-atomic resolution structure of a highly neutralizing fab bound to canine parvovirus. Journal of Virology, 90(21), 9733–9742. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01112-16

-	~~CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20~~ to 26 ~~nm in diameter~~. ~~It contains a major capsid protein~~, ~~known as VP2~~. ~~VP1 is a minor structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid~~. ~~Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight~~-~~stranded <scene name='93~~/~~933985/Assymetric_unit~~/~~6'>antiparallel β~~-~~barrel motif<~~/~~scene> This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2~~-~~fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.~~	+	Parvovirus: Transmission to treatment. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. (2022, September 26). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/health-info/parvovirus-transmission-treatment

-	</~~StructureSection>~~	+	Pollock, R. V., & Coyne, M. J. (1993, May). Canine parvovirus. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134481/

-	~~== References ==~~	+	What is parvo? - visit and learn at: Canineparvovirus.org (FAQ page). Canine Parvovirus. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://canineparvovirus.org/what-is-parvo/
-	~~Nandi, S, and Manoj Kumar. “Canine Parvovirus: Current Perspective.” Indian Journal of Virology : an Official Organ of Indian Virological Society, Springer~~-~~Verlag, June 2010, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550768/.~~	+
-	Organtini, Lindsey J, et al. “Near-Atomic Resolution Structure of a Highly Neutralizing Fab Bound to Canine Parvovirus.” Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, 14 Oct. 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5068525/.	+
-	~~Tsao, Jun, et al. “The Three-Dimensional Structure of Canine Parvovirus~~ and ~~Its Functional Implications.” Science, vol. 251, no. 5000, 1991, pp. 1456–1464., https~~:~~//doi~~.org~~/10~~.~~1126/science.2006420.~~	+
-	~~Wikoff, W R, et al. “The Structure of a Neutralized Virus:~~ Canine Parvovirus ~~Complexed with Neutralizing Antibody Fragment~~.~~” Structure~~ (~~London, England : 1993), U~~.S. ~~National Library of Medicine, 15 July 1994, https://www~~.~~ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167666/.~~	+
-	Wu, ~~Hao, and Michael G. Rossmann. “The Canine Parvovirus Empty Capsid Structure.” Journal of Molecular Biology, Academic Press, 25 May 2002~~, https://~~www~~.~~sciencedirect.com~~/~~science~~/~~article/abs/pii/S0022283683715020?via=ihub.~~	+

Victoria Fisk at 22:05, 13 November 2022

2022-11-13T22:05:24Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 22:05, 13 November 2022
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	==History==		==History==
	Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.		Canine parvovirus, otherwise known as "parvo" is caused by the canine parvovirus type 2 virus. CPV was first discovered in European dogs in 1976. Over the course of two years, it had caused a widespread gastroenteritis epidemic in dogs, predominantly affecting puppies (Cornell). Parvovirus not only affects dogs but also wild animals including raccoons, skunks and foxes. It is currently believed that CPV mutated from Feline Panleukipenia virus through several genetic mutations. CPV2 has a high rate of evolution due to it's increased rate of nucleotide substitution, as shown in RNA virus like the Influenzavirus.
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	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==

-	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains a major capsid protein, known as VP2. VP1 is a minor structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid. Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded<scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/6'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene> This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.	+	CPV is a relatively small icosahedral capsid structure measuring 20 to 26 nm in diameter. It contains a major capsid protein, known as VP2. VP1 is a minor structural protein that is present with a specific N-terminal peptide inside the capsid. Each capsid subunit is formed from an eight-stranded <scene name='93/933985/Assymetric_unit/6'>antiparallel β-barrel motif</scene> This motif is a common motif found in many viruses. The CPV surface is made up of loops that connect the β strands. Each icosahedral 2-fold axis contains "spikes" that recognize receptivity and antigenicity of the host. The entire genome is about 5000 nucleotides long.

	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>