1j3z - Revision history

OCA at 23:42, 27 December 2023

OCA — Wed, 27 Dec 2023 23:42:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 23:42, 27 December 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene~~></td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 1.6Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</div~~></td></tr>	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1j3z ProSAT], [https://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1j3z ProSAT], [https://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Defects in HBA1 may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:2833478</ref> Defects in HBA1 are the cause of alpha-thalassemia (A-THAL) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604131 604131]]. The thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases and occur mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of alpha-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. The level of alpha chain production can range from none to very nearly normal levels. Deletion of both copies of each of the two alpha-globin genes causes alpha(0)-thalassemia, also known as homozygous alpha thalassemia. Due to the complete absence of alpha chains, the predominant fetal hemoglobin is a tetramer of gamma-chains (Bart hemoglobin) that has essentially no oxygen carrying capacity. This causes oxygen starvation in the fetal tissues leading to prenatal lethality or early neonatal death. The loss of three alpha genes results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia known as hemoglobin H disease. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence. The loss of two alpha genes results in mild alpha-thalassemia, also known as heterozygous alpha-thalassemia. Affected individuals have small red cells and a mild anemia (microcytosis). If three of the four alpha-globin genes are functional, individuals are completely asymptomatic. Some rare forms of alpha-thalassemia are due to point mutations (non-deletional alpha-thalassemia). The thalassemic phenotype is due to unstable globin alpha chains that are rapidly catabolized prior to formation of the alpha-beta heterotetramers. Note=Alpha(0)-thalassemia is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. Defects in HBA1 are the cause of hemoglobin H disease (HBH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613978 613978]]. HBH is a form of alpha-thalassemia due to the loss of three alpha genes. This results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence.<ref>PMID:10569720</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN] Defects in HBA1 may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:2833478</ref> Defects in HBA1 are the cause of alpha-thalassemia (A-THAL) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604131 604131]. The thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases and occur mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of alpha-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. The level of alpha chain production can range from none to very nearly normal levels. Deletion of both copies of each of the two alpha-globin genes causes alpha(0)-thalassemia, also known as homozygous alpha thalassemia. Due to the complete absence of alpha chains, the predominant fetal hemoglobin is a tetramer of gamma-chains (Bart hemoglobin) that has essentially no oxygen carrying capacity. This causes oxygen starvation in the fetal tissues leading to prenatal lethality or early neonatal death. The loss of three alpha genes results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia known as hemoglobin H disease. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence. The loss of two alpha genes results in mild alpha-thalassemia, also known as heterozygous alpha-thalassemia. Affected individuals have small red cells and a mild anemia (microcytosis). If three of the four alpha-globin genes are functional, individuals are completely asymptomatic. Some rare forms of alpha-thalassemia are due to point mutations (non-deletional alpha-thalassemia). The thalassemic phenotype is due to unstable globin alpha chains that are rapidly catabolized prior to formation of the alpha-beta heterotetramers. Note=Alpha(0)-thalassemia is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. Defects in HBA1 are the cause of hemoglobin H disease (HBH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613978 613978]. HBH is a form of alpha-thalassemia due to the loss of three alpha genes. This results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence.<ref>PMID:10569720</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 38:		Line 38:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]	+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Adachi, S]]	+	[[Category: Adachi S]]
-	[[Category: Park, S Y]]	+	[[Category: Park S-Y]]
-	~~[[Category: Structural genomic~~]]	+	[[Category: Shibayama N]]
-	[[Category: Shibayama, N]]	+	[[Category: Shiro Y]]
-	[[Category: Shiro, Y]]	+	[[Category: Tame JRH]]
-	[[Category: Tame~~, J R.H]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Crystal photolysis]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Oxygen storage-transport complex]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Rsgi]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Tertiary structure change~~]]	+

OCA at 07:16, 14 April 2021

OCA — Wed, 14 Apr 2021 07:16:07 GMT

OCA at 07:25, 10 July 2019

OCA — Wed, 10 Jul 2019 07:25:01 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 10 July 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)==		==Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)==
-	<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>
Line 16:		Line 16:
	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
-	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/j3/1j3z_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>	+	<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/j3/1j3z_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
Line 39:		Line 39:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Human]]		[[Category: Human]]
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Adachi, S]]		[[Category: Adachi, S]]
	[[Category: Park, S Y]]		[[Category: Park, S Y]]

OCA at 09:55, 4 October 2017

OCA — Wed, 04 Oct 2017 09:55:38 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 4 October 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)==		==Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)==
	<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1j3z ProSAT], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
Line 19:		Line 20:
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
-	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].	+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1j3z ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
Line 37:		Line 38:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Homo sapiens~~]]	+	[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Adachi, S]]		[[Category: Adachi, S]]
	[[Category: Park, S Y]]		[[Category: Park, S Y]]

OCA at 22:37, 11 September 2015

OCA — Fri, 11 Sep 2015 22:37:45 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 22:37, 11 September 2015
Line 5:		Line 5:
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>	+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Defects in HBA1 may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:2833478</ref> Defects in HBA1 are the cause of alpha-thalassemia (A-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/604131 604131]]. The thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases and occur mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of alpha-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. The level of alpha chain production can range from none to very nearly normal levels. Deletion of both copies of each of the two alpha-globin genes causes alpha(0)-thalassemia, also known as homozygous alpha thalassemia. Due to the complete absence of alpha chains, the predominant fetal hemoglobin is a tetramer of gamma-chains (Bart hemoglobin) that has essentially no oxygen carrying capacity. This causes oxygen starvation in the fetal tissues leading to prenatal lethality or early neonatal death. The loss of three alpha genes results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia known as hemoglobin H disease. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence. The loss of two alpha genes results in mild alpha-thalassemia, also known as heterozygous alpha-thalassemia. Affected individuals have small red cells and a mild anemia (microcytosis). If three of the four alpha-globin genes are functional, individuals are completely asymptomatic. Some rare forms of alpha-thalassemia are due to point mutations (non-deletional alpha-thalassemia). The thalassemic phenotype is due to unstable globin alpha chains that are rapidly catabolized prior to formation of the alpha-beta heterotetramers. Note=Alpha(0)-thalassemia is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. Defects in HBA1 are the cause of hemoglobin H disease (HBH) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613978 613978]]. HBH is a form of alpha-thalassemia due to the loss of three alpha genes. This results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence.<ref>PMID:10569720</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>	+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 29:		Line 29:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 1j3z" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA at 12:21, 2 January 2015

OCA — Fri, 02 Jan 2015 12:21:45 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:21, 2 January 2015
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene><br>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
-	<table>	+	</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>		[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>
Line 37:		Line 37:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-	[[Category: Adachi, S.]]	+	[[Category: Adachi, S]]
-	[[Category: Park, S Y.]]	+	[[Category: Park, S Y]]
-	[[Category: ~~RSGI, RIKEN~~ Structural ~~Genomics/Proteomics Initiative.~~]]	+	[[Category: Structural genomic]]
-	[[Category: Shibayama, N.]]	+	[[Category: Shibayama, N]]
-	[[Category: Shiro, Y.]]	+	[[Category: Shiro, Y]]
-	[[Category: Tame, J R.H.]]	+	[[Category: Tame, J R.H]]
	[[Category: Crystal photolysis]]		[[Category: Crystal photolysis]]
	[[Category: Oxygen storage-transport complex]]		[[Category: Oxygen storage-transport complex]]
-	[[Category: Riken structural genomics/proteomics initiative]]
	[[Category: Rsgi]]		[[Category: Rsgi]]
-	[[Category: Structural genomic]]
	[[Category: Tertiary structure change]]		[[Category: Tertiary structure change]]

OCA at 15:17, 29 September 2014

OCA — Mon, 29 Sep 2014 15:17:11 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:17, 29 September 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~{{STRUCTURE_1j3z\| PDB=1j3z \| SCENE= }}~~	+	==Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)==
-	===Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)===	+	<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_12773618}}~~	+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene><br>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
		+	<table>
		+	== Disease ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>
		+	== Evolutionary Conservation ==
		+	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
		+	Check<jmol>
		+	<jmolCheckbox>
		+	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/j3/1j3z_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
		+	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
		+	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
		+	</jmolCheckbox>
		+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
		+	<div style="clear:both"></div>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	Human Hb, an alpha2beta2 tetrameric oxygen transport protein that switches from a T (tense) to an R (relaxed) quaternary structure during oxygenation, has long served as a model for studying protein allostery in general. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements after photodissociation of CO-liganded Hb have played a central role in exploring both protein dynamical responses and molecular cooperativity, but the direct visualization and the structural consequences of photodeligation have not yet been reported. Here we present an x-ray study of structural changes induced by photodissociation of half-liganded T-state and fully liganded R-state human Hb at cryogenic temperatures (25-35 K). On photodissociation of CO, structural changes involving the heme and the F-helix are more marked in the alpha subunit than in the beta subunit, and more subtle in the R state than in the T state. Photodeligation causes a significant sliding motion of the T-state beta heme. Our results establish that the structural basis of the low affinity of the T state is radically different between the subunits, because of differences in the packing and chemical tension at the hemes.

-	~~==Disease==~~	+	Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in hemoglobin.,Adachi S, Park SY, Tame JR, Shiro Y, Shibayama N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):7039-44. Epub 2003 May 28. PMID:12773618<ref>PMID:12773618</ref>
-	~~[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause~~ of ~~Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non~~-~~spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable~~ in ~~the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The~~ hemoglobin ~~demonstrates heat lability~~. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref><ref>PMID:6259091</ref><ref>PMID:2599881</ref><ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, ~~while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia~~, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, ~~beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent~~, ~~thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity)~~, ~~and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic~~.~~<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia~~ (~~SKCA~~) ~~[MIM~~:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-~~shaped and resembles a sickle~~. ~~These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues~~. ~~Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM~~:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:~~1971109~~</ref>	+

-	~~==Function==~~	+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	~~[[http:~~/~~/www~~.~~uniprot~~.~~org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity~~ of ~~bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure~~.<~~ref~~>~~PMID:16904236~~</~~ref~~>	+	</div>
-		+
-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+
-	[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA].	+

	==See Also==		==See Also==
-	*[[Hemoglobin\|Hemoglobin]]	+	*[[Hemoglobin 3D structures\|Hemoglobin 3D structures]]
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	~~<ref group="xtra">PMID:012773618</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID:015236579</ref>~~<references ~~group="xtra"~~/><~~references~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Adachi, S.]]		[[Category: Adachi, S.]]

OCA at 01:51, 25 March 2013

OCA — Mon, 25 Mar 2013 01:51:49 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 25 March 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[Image:1j3z.png\|left\|200px]]
-
	{{STRUCTURE_1j3z\| PDB=1j3z \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_1j3z\| PDB=1j3z \| SCENE= }}
-
	===Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)===		===Direct observation of photolysis-induced tertiary structural changes in human haemoglobin; Crystal structure of alpha(Fe-CO)-beta(Ni) hemoglobin (laser unphotolysed)===
		+	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_12773618}}

-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_12773618}}~~	+	==Disease==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref><ref>PMID:6259091</ref><ref>PMID:2599881</ref><ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>
		+
		+	==Function==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
Line 14:		Line 16:

	==Reference==		==Reference==
-	<ref group="xtra">PMID:012773618</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID:015236579</ref><references group="xtra"/>	+	<ref group="xtra">PMID:012773618</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID:015236579</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]		[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
	[[Category: Adachi, S.]]		[[Category: Adachi, S.]]

OCA at 21:03, 20 October 2012

OCA — Sat, 20 Oct 2012 21:03:48 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 20 October 2012
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure ~~of [[Hemoglobin]]~~ with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA].	+	[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA: Protected "1j3z" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

OCA — Fri, 27 Jul 2012 12:29:06 GMT

Protected "1j3z" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 12:29, 27 July 2012

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:16, 14 April 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1j3z' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1j3z]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.60Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1j3z]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1J3Z OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1J3Z FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2FU:BUT-2-ENEDIAL'>2FU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CMO:CARBON+MONOXIDE'>CMO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HNI:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+NI(II)'>HNI</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1j3y\|1j3y]], [[1j40\|1j40]], [[1j41\|1j41]]</div></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1j3z ProSAT], [~~http~~://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1j3z FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1j3z OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1j3z PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1j3z RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1j3z PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1j3z ProSAT], [https://www.topsan.org/Proteins/RSGI/1j3z TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Defects in HBA1 may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:2833478</ref> Defects in HBA1 are the cause of alpha-thalassemia (A-THAL) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/604131 604131]]. The thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases and occur mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of alpha-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. The level of alpha chain production can range from none to very nearly normal levels. Deletion of both copies of each of the two alpha-globin genes causes alpha(0)-thalassemia, also known as homozygous alpha thalassemia. Due to the complete absence of alpha chains, the predominant fetal hemoglobin is a tetramer of gamma-chains (Bart hemoglobin) that has essentially no oxygen carrying capacity. This causes oxygen starvation in the fetal tissues leading to prenatal lethality or early neonatal death. The loss of three alpha genes results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia known as hemoglobin H disease. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence. The loss of two alpha genes results in mild alpha-thalassemia, also known as heterozygous alpha-thalassemia. Affected individuals have small red cells and a mild anemia (microcytosis). If three of the four alpha-globin genes are functional, individuals are completely asymptomatic. Some rare forms of alpha-thalassemia are due to point mutations (non-deletional alpha-thalassemia). The thalassemic phenotype is due to unstable globin alpha chains that are rapidly catabolized prior to formation of the alpha-beta heterotetramers. Note=Alpha(0)-thalassemia is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. Defects in HBA1 are the cause of hemoglobin H disease (HBH) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/613978 613978]]. HBH is a form of alpha-thalassemia due to the loss of three alpha genes. This results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence.<ref>PMID:10569720</ref> [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Defects in HBA1 may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:2833478</ref> Defects in HBA1 are the cause of alpha-thalassemia (A-THAL) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604131 604131]]. The thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases and occur mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of alpha-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. The level of alpha chain production can range from none to very nearly normal levels. Deletion of both copies of each of the two alpha-globin genes causes alpha(0)-thalassemia, also known as homozygous alpha thalassemia. Due to the complete absence of alpha chains, the predominant fetal hemoglobin is a tetramer of gamma-chains (Bart hemoglobin) that has essentially no oxygen carrying capacity. This causes oxygen starvation in the fetal tissues leading to prenatal lethality or early neonatal death. The loss of three alpha genes results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia known as hemoglobin H disease. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence. The loss of two alpha genes results in mild alpha-thalassemia, also known as heterozygous alpha-thalassemia. Affected individuals have small red cells and a mild anemia (microcytosis). If three of the four alpha-globin genes are functional, individuals are completely asymptomatic. Some rare forms of alpha-thalassemia are due to point mutations (non-deletional alpha-thalassemia). The thalassemic phenotype is due to unstable globin alpha chains that are rapidly catabolized prior to formation of the alpha-beta heterotetramers. Note=Alpha(0)-thalassemia is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. Defects in HBA1 are the cause of hemoglobin H disease (HBH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613978 613978]]. HBH is a form of alpha-thalassemia due to the loss of three alpha genes. This results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence.<ref>PMID:10569720</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Defects in HBB may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:186485</ref> <ref>PMID:6259091</ref> <ref>PMID:2599881</ref> <ref>PMID:8704193</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia (B-THAL) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613985 613985]]. A form of thalassemia. Thalassemias are common monogenic diseases occurring mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of beta-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. Absence of beta chain causes beta(0)-thalassemia, while reduced amounts of detectable beta globin causes beta(+)-thalassemia. In the severe forms of beta-thalassemia, the excess alpha globin chains accumulate in the developing erythroid precursors in the marrow. Their deposition leads to a vast increase in erythroid apoptosis that in turn causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Clinically, beta-thalassemia is divided into thalassemia major which is transfusion dependent, thalassemia intermedia (of intermediate severity), and thalassemia minor that is asymptomatic.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref> Defects in HBB are the cause of sickle cell anemia (SKCA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603903 603903]]; also known as sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red cells resulting in chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain, serious infections and damage to vital organs. Normal red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels, but in sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin (called Hb S) causes red blood cells to become stiff. They are C-shaped and resembles a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can led to microvascular occlusion thus cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. Defects in HBB are the cause of beta-thalassemia dominant inclusion body type (B-THALIB) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603902 603902]]. An autosomal dominant form of beta thalassemia characterized by moderate anemia, lifelong jaundice, cholelithiasis and splenomegaly, marked morphologic changes in the red cells, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow with increased numbers of multinucleate red cell precursors, and the presence of large inclusion bodies in the normoblasts, both in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after splenectomy.<ref>PMID:1971109</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues. [[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBB_HUMAN HBB_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref> LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.<ref>PMID:16904236</ref>
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]