1kzk - Revision history

OCA at 09:07, 16 August 2023

OCA — Wed, 16 Aug 2023 09:07:51 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 16 August 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Aids_virus Aids~~ virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene~~></td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 1.09Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</div></td></tr>~~	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>	+
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kzk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kzk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1A2 POL_HV1A2]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1A2 POL_HV1A2] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 32:		Line 31:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
		+	*[[Immunodeficiency virus protease 3D structures\|Immunodeficiency virus protease 3D structures]]
	*[[Integrase\|Integrase]]		*[[Integrase\|Integrase]]
	== References ==		== References ==
Line 37:		Line 37:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Aids~~ virus]]	+	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus]]
-	~~[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin~~]]	+
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Craik~~, C S~~]]	+	[[Category: Craik CS]]
-	[[Category: Dauber~~, D S~~]]	+	[[Category: Dauber DS]]
-	[[Category: Endres~~, N F~~]]	+	[[Category: Endres NF]]
-	[[Category: Reiling~~, K K~~]]	+	[[Category: Reiling KK]]
-	[[Category: Stroud~~, R M]]~~	+	[[Category: Stroud RM]]
-	~~[[Category: Anisotropic displacement parameter]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Hiv protease complex]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Hydrolase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Viral protein~~]]	+

OCA at 06:37, 18 August 2021

OCA — Wed, 18 Aug 2021 06:37:29 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:37, 18 August 2021
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aids_virus Aids virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aids_virus Aids virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</div></td></tr>
-	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [~~http~~://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kzk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kzk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[~~http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1A2 POL_HV1A2]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).	+	[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1A2 POL_HV1A2]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 33:		Line 33:
	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Integrase\|Integrase]]		*[[Integrase\|Integrase]]
-	*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 12:29, 13 November 2019

OCA — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 12:29:35 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 13 November 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex==		==JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex==
-	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aids_virus Aids virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aids_virus Aids virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>
Line 32:		Line 32:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
		+	*[[Integrase\|Integrase]]
	*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]		*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]
	== References ==		== References ==
Line 39:		Line 40:
	[[Category: Aids virus]]		[[Category: Aids virus]]
	[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]		[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Craik, C S]]		[[Category: Craik, C S]]
	[[Category: Dauber, D S]]		[[Category: Dauber, D S]]

OCA at 18:38, 24 January 2018

OCA — Wed, 24 Jan 2018 18:38:14 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 24 January 2018
Line 15:		Line 15:
	Check<jmol>		Check<jmol>
	<jmolCheckbox>		<jmolCheckbox>
-	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/kz/1kzk_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>	+	<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/kz/1kzk_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>		<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>

OCA at 10:40, 18 October 2017

OCA — Wed, 18 Oct 2017 10:40:32 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:40, 18 October 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+
	==JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex==		==JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex==
	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>
Line 6:		Line 7:
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kzk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 18:		Line 19:
	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>		<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
	</jmolCheckbox>		</jmolCheckbox>
-	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/~~chain_selection~~.php?pdb_ID=~~2ata~~ ConSurf].	+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1kzk ConSurf].
	<div style="clear:both"></div>		<div style="clear:both"></div>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
Line 32:		Line 33:
	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]		*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]
-	*[[Virus protease\|Virus protease]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 07:58, 11 September 2015

OCA — Fri, 11 Sep 2015 07:58:00 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:58, 11 September 2015
Line 2:		Line 2:
	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency~~ virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aids_virus Aids virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1kzk PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
Line 28:		Line 28:
	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>		From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
	</div>		</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 1kzk" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
Line 36:		Line 37:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Aids virus]]
	[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]		[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]
-	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus]]
	[[Category: Craik, C S]]		[[Category: Craik, C S]]
	[[Category: Dauber, D S]]		[[Category: Dauber, D S]]

OCA at 13:33, 25 December 2014

OCA — Thu, 25 Dec 2014 13:33:00 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 25 December 2014
Line 3:		Line 3:
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene><br>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
-	<table>	+	</table>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1A2 POL_HV1A2]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity). Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity). Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity). Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity).
	== Evolutionary Conservation ==		== Evolutionary Conservation ==
	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]		[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
Line 36:		Line 38:
	[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]		[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]
	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus]]		[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus]]
-	[[Category: Craik, C S.]]	+	[[Category: Craik, C S]]
-	[[Category: Dauber, D S.]]	+	[[Category: Dauber, D S]]
-	[[Category: Endres, N F.]]	+	[[Category: Endres, N F]]
-	[[Category: Reiling, K K.]]	+	[[Category: Reiling, K K]]
-	[[Category: Stroud, R M.]]	+	[[Category: Stroud, R M]]
	[[Category: Anisotropic displacement parameter]]		[[Category: Anisotropic displacement parameter]]
	[[Category: Hiv protease complex]]		[[Category: Hiv protease complex]]

OCA at 16:08, 29 September 2014

OCA — Mon, 29 Sep 2014 16:08:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:08, 29 September 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	~~{{STRUCTURE_1kzk~~\| ~~PDB~~=1kzk \| ~~SCENE~~= }}	+	==JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex==
-	===~~JE-2147~~-HIV ~~Protease Complex~~===	+	<StructureSection load='1kzk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1kzk]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.09Å' scene=''>
-	~~{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_11926820}}~~	+	== Structural highlights ==
		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KZK FirstGlance]. <br>
		+	</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=JE2:(4R)-3-{(2S,3S)-2-HYDROXY-3-[(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYLBENZOYL)AMINO]-4-PHENYLBUTANOYL}-5,5-DIMETHYL-N-(2-METHYLBENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>JE2</scene><br>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1hpx\|1hpx]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] </span></td></tr>
		+	<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kzk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kzk OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kzk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kzk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	<table>
		+	== Evolutionary Conservation ==
		+	[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif\|200px\|right]]
		+	Check<jmol>
		+	<jmolCheckbox>
		+	<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/kz/1kzk_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
		+	<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
		+	<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
		+	</jmolCheckbox>
		+	</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary\|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
		+	<div style="clear:both"></div>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	The structure of HIV protease (HIV Pr) bound to JE-2147 (also named AG1776 or KNI-764) is determined here to 1.09 A resolution. This highest-resolution structure for HIV Pr allows refinement of anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) for all atoms. Clustering based on the directional information in ADPs defines two sets of subdomains such that within each set, subdomains undergo similar anisotropic motion. These sets are (a) the core of monomer A grouped with both substrate-binding flaps and (b) the core of monomer B coupled to both catalytic aspartates (25A/B). The four-stranded beta-sheet (1-4 A/B and 95-99 A/B) that forms a significant part of the dimer interface exhibits large anisotropic amplitudes that differ from those of the other sets of subdomains. JE-2147 is shown here to be a picomolar inhibitor (K(i) = 41 +/- 18 pM). The structure is used to interpret the mechanism of association of JE-2147, a second-generation inhibitor for which binding is enthalpically driven, with respect to first-generation inhibitors for which binding is predominantly entropically driven [Velazquez-Campoy, A., et al. (2001) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 390, 169-175]. Relative to the entropically driven inhibitor complexes, the JE-2147-HIV Pr complex exhibits an approximately 0.5 A movement of the substrate flaps in toward the substrate, suggesting a more compatible enthalpically driven association. Domains of the protease identified by clustering of ADPs also suggest a model of enthalpy-entropy compensation for all HIV Pr inhibitors in which dynamic coupling of the flaps is offset by an increased level of motion of the beta-sheet domain of the dimer interface (1-4 A/B and 95-99 A/B).

-	~~==About this Structure==~~	+	Anisotropic dynamics of the JE-2147-HIV protease complex: drug resistance and thermodynamic binding mode examined in a 1.09 A structure.,Reiling KK, Endres NF, Dauber DS, Craik CS, Stroud RM Biochemistry. 2002 Apr 9;41(14):4582-94. PMID:11926820<ref>PMID:11926820</ref>
-	~~[[1kzk]] is~~ a ~~2 chain~~ structure ~~with sequence from [http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]~~. ~~Full crystallographic information is available from [http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann~~.ac.il/~~oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA].~~	+
		+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
		+	</div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]		*[[Temperature value\|Temperature value]]
	*[[Virus protease\|Virus protease]]		*[[Virus protease\|Virus protease]]
-		+	== References ==
-	==~~Reference~~==	+	<references/>
-	<~~ref group="xtra">PMID:011926820<~~/~~ref~~><~~references group="xtra"~~/>	+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
	[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]		[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]
	[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus]]		[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus]]

OCA at 09:28, 11 March 2013

OCA — Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:28:23 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 11 March 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[Image:1kzk.png\|left\|200px]]
-
	{{STRUCTURE_1kzk\| PDB=1kzk \| SCENE= }}		{{STRUCTURE_1kzk\| PDB=1kzk \| SCENE= }}
-
	===JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex===		===JE-2147-HIV Protease Complex===
-
	{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_11926820}}		{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_11926820}}

OCA at 17:16, 20 October 2012

OCA — Sat, 20 Oct 2012 17:16:45 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:16, 20 October 2012
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==About this Structure==		==About this Structure==
-	[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure ~~of [[Virus protease]]~~ with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA].	+	[[1kzk]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus Human immunodeficiency virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KZK OCA].

	==See Also==		==See Also==