5fbo - Revision history

OCA at 12:30, 6 March 2024

OCA — Wed, 06 Mar 2024 12:30:55 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:30, 6 March 2024
Line 12:		Line 12:
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>		[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>
-	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
-	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
-	Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a Tec family kinase with a well-defined role in the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway. It has become an attractive kinase target for selective B cell inhibition and for the treatment of B cell related diseases. We report a series of compounds based on 8-amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine that are potent reversible BTK inhibitors with excellent kinase selectivity. Selectivity is achieved through specific interactions of the ligand with the kinase hinge and driven by aminopyridine hydrogen bondings with Ser538 and Asp539, and by hydrophobic interaction of trifluoropyridine in the back pocket. These interactions are evident in the X-ray crystal structure of the lead compounds 1 and 3 in the complex with the BTK enzyme. Our lead compounds show desirable PK profiles and efficacy in the preclinical rat collagen induced arthritis model.
-
-	Discovery of 8-Amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines as Reversible BTK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.,Liu J, Guiadeen D, Krikorian A, Gao X, Wang J, Boga SB, Alhassan AB, Yu Y, Vaccaro H, Liu S, Yang C, Wu H, Cooper A, de Man J, Kaptein A, Maloney K, Hornak V, Gao YD, Fischmann TO, Raaijmakers H, Vu-Pham D, Presland J, Mansueto M, Xu Z, Leccese E, Zhang-Hoover J, Knemeyer I, Garlisi CG, Bays N, Stivers P, Brandish PE, Hicks A, Kim R, Kozlowski JA ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015 Dec 19;7(2):198-203. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00463., eCollection 2016 Feb 11. PMID:26985298<ref>PMID:26985298</ref>
-
-	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-	</div>
-	<div class="pdbe-citations 5fbo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

	==See Also==		==See Also==

OCA at 06:45, 19 July 2023

OCA — Wed, 19 Jul 2023 06:45:35 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:45, 19 July 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==BTK-inhibitor co-structure==		==BTK-inhibitor co-structure==
-	<StructureSection load='5fbo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5fbo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='5fbo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5fbo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5fbo]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5FBO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5FBO FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5fbo]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5FBO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5FBO FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5WE:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(2~{S})-1-[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BUTANOYL]PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-~{N}-(1,3-THIAZOL-2-YL)BENZAMIDE'>5WE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=5WH:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(3~{R},6~{S})-1-CYCLOPROPYLCARBONYL-6-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-3-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-3-FLUORANYL-~{N}-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]BENZAMIDE'>5WH</scene~~></td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 1.894Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5fbn\|5fbn]]</td></tr>~~	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5WE:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(2~{S})-1-[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BUTANOYL]PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-~{N}-(1,3-THIAZOL-2-YL)BENZAMIDE'>5WE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=5WH:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(3~{R},6~{S})-1-CYCLOPROPYLCARBONYL-6-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-3-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-3-FLUORANYL-~{N}-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]BENZAMIDE'>5WH</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">BTK, AGMX1, ATK, BPK ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5fbo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5fbo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5fbo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5fbo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5fbo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5fbo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_protein-tyrosine_kinase Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.2 2.7.10.2] </span></td></tr>	+
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5fbo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5fbo OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/5fbo PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5fbo RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5fbo PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5fbo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[~~[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN]] Defects in BTK are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/300755 300755]]; also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1 (AGMX1) or immunodeficiency type 1 (IMD1). XLA is a humoral immunodeficiency disease which results in developmental defects in the maturation pathway of B-cells. Affected boys have normal levels of pre-B-cells in their bone marrow but virtually no circulating mature B-lymphocytes. This results in a lack of immunoglobulins of all classes and leads to recurrent bacterial infections like otitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, sinusitis in the first few years of life, or even some patients present overwhelming sepsis or meningitis, resulting in death in a few hours. Treatment in most cases is by infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.<ref>PMID:7880320</ref> <ref>PMID:8013627</ref> <ref>PMID:8162056</ref> <ref>PMID:8162018</ref> <ref>PMID:7849697</ref> <ref>PMID:7849721</ref> <ref>PMID:7809124</ref> <ref>PMID:7849006</ref> <ref>PMID:7711734</ref> <ref>PMID:7633420</ref> <ref>PMID:7633429</ref> <ref>PMID:8634718</ref> <ref>PMID:7627183</ref> <ref>PMID:7897635</ref> <ref>PMID:8723128</ref> <ref>PMID:8695804</ref> <ref>PMID:8834236</ref> <ref>PMID:9280283</ref> <ref>PMID:9260159</ref> <ref>PMID:9545398</ref> <ref>PMID:9445504</ref> <ref>PMID:10220140</ref> <ref>PMID:10678660</ref> <ref>PMID:10612838</ref> Defects in BTK may be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency (XLA-IGHD) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/307200 307200]]; also known as agammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency or Fleisher syndrome or isolated growth hormone deficiency type 3 (IGHD3). In rare cases XLA is inherited together with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Defects in BTK are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/300755 300755]; also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1 (AGMX1) or immunodeficiency type 1 (IMD1). XLA is a humoral immunodeficiency disease which results in developmental defects in the maturation pathway of B-cells. Affected boys have normal levels of pre-B-cells in their bone marrow but virtually no circulating mature B-lymphocytes. This results in a lack of immunoglobulins of all classes and leads to recurrent bacterial infections like otitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, sinusitis in the first few years of life, or even some patients present overwhelming sepsis or meningitis, resulting in death in a few hours. Treatment in most cases is by infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.<ref>PMID:7880320</ref> <ref>PMID:8013627</ref> <ref>PMID:8162056</ref> <ref>PMID:8162018</ref> <ref>PMID:7849697</ref> <ref>PMID:7849721</ref> <ref>PMID:7809124</ref> <ref>PMID:7849006</ref> <ref>PMID:7711734</ref> <ref>PMID:7633420</ref> <ref>PMID:7633429</ref> <ref>PMID:8634718</ref> <ref>PMID:7627183</ref> <ref>PMID:7897635</ref> <ref>PMID:8723128</ref> <ref>PMID:8695804</ref> <ref>PMID:8834236</ref> <ref>PMID:9280283</ref> <ref>PMID:9260159</ref> <ref>PMID:9545398</ref> <ref>PMID:9445504</ref> <ref>PMID:10220140</ref> <ref>PMID:10678660</ref> <ref>PMID:10612838</ref> Defects in BTK may be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency (XLA-IGHD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/307200 307200]; also known as agammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency or Fleisher syndrome or isolated growth hormone deficiency type 3 (IGHD3). In rare cases XLA is inherited together with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[~~[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN]] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 25:		Line 23:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
-	*[[Tyrosine kinase\|Tyrosine kinase]]	+	*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures\|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]	+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-	[[Category: ~~Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase~~]]	+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Fischmann~~, T O]]~~	+	[[Category: Fischmann TO]]
-	~~[[Category: Kinase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Phosphatase]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Transferase-transferase inhibitor complex~~]]	+

OCA at 06:21, 18 April 2018

OCA — Wed, 18 Apr 2018 06:21:44 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:21, 18 April 2018
Line 14:		Line 14:
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN]] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>		[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN]] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a Tec family kinase with a well-defined role in the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway. It has become an attractive kinase target for selective B cell inhibition and for the treatment of B cell related diseases. We report a series of compounds based on 8-amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine that are potent reversible BTK inhibitors with excellent kinase selectivity. Selectivity is achieved through specific interactions of the ligand with the kinase hinge and driven by aminopyridine hydrogen bondings with Ser538 and Asp539, and by hydrophobic interaction of trifluoropyridine in the back pocket. These interactions are evident in the X-ray crystal structure of the lead compounds 1 and 3 in the complex with the BTK enzyme. Our lead compounds show desirable PK profiles and efficacy in the preclinical rat collagen induced arthritis model.
		+
		+	Discovery of 8-Amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines as Reversible BTK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.,Liu J, Guiadeen D, Krikorian A, Gao X, Wang J, Boga SB, Alhassan AB, Yu Y, Vaccaro H, Liu S, Yang C, Wu H, Cooper A, de Man J, Kaptein A, Maloney K, Hornak V, Gao YD, Fischmann TO, Raaijmakers H, Vu-Pham D, Presland J, Mansueto M, Xu Z, Leccese E, Zhang-Hoover J, Knemeyer I, Garlisi CG, Bays N, Stivers P, Brandish PE, Hicks A, Kim R, Kozlowski JA ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015 Dec 19;7(2):198-203. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00463., eCollection 2016 Feb 11. PMID:26985298<ref>PMID:26985298</ref>
		+
		+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
		+	</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 5fbo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Tyrosine kinase\|Tyrosine kinase]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 09:56, 22 November 2017

OCA — Wed, 22 Nov 2017 09:56:59 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 22 November 2017
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='5fbo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5fbo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='5fbo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5fbo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5fbo]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5FBO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5FBO FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5fbo]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5FBO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5FBO FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5WE:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(2~{S})-1-[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BUTANOYL]PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-~{N}-(1,3-THIAZOL-2-YL)BENZAMIDE'>5WE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=5WH:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(3~{R},6~{S})-1-CYCLOPROPYLCARBONYL-6-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-3-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-3-FLUORANYL-~{N}-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]BENZAMIDE'>5WH</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5WE:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(2~{S})-1-[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BUTANOYL]PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-~{N}-(1,3-THIAZOL-2-YL)BENZAMIDE'>5WE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=5WH:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(3~{R},6~{S})-1-CYCLOPROPYLCARBONYL-6-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-3-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-3-FLUORANYL-~{N}-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]BENZAMIDE'>5WH</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5fbn\|5fbn]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5fbn\|5fbn]]</td></tr>
		+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">BTK, AGMX1, ATK, BPK ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_protein-tyrosine_kinase Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.2 2.7.10.2] </span></td></tr>		<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_protein-tyrosine_kinase Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.2 2.7.10.2] </span></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5fbo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5fbo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5fbo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5fbo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5fbo PDBsum]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5fbo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5fbo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5fbo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5fbo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5fbo PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5fbo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
Line 17:		Line 18:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase]]		[[Category: Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase]]
	[[Category: Fischmann, T O]]		[[Category: Fischmann, T O]]

OCA at 13:03, 11 May 2016

OCA — Wed, 11 May 2016 13:03:50 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 11 May 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	'''Unreleased structure'''

-	~~The entry~~ 5fbo is ~~ON HOLD until Paper Publication~~	+	==BTK-inhibitor co-structure==
-		+	<StructureSection load='5fbo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5fbo]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 1.89Å' scene=''>
-	~~Authors~~: ~~Fischmann~~, T.O.	+	== Structural highlights ==
-		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5fbo]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5FBO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5FBO FirstGlance]. <br>
-	~~Description~~:	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5WE:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(2~{S})-1-[4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BUTANOYL]PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-~{N}-(1,3-THIAZOL-2-YL)BENZAMIDE'>5WE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=5WH:4-[8-AZANYL-3-[(3~{R},6~{S})-1-CYCLOPROPYLCARBONYL-6-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-3-YL]IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRAZIN-1-YL]-3-FLUORANYL-~{N}-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-YL]BENZAMIDE'>5WH</scene></td></tr>
-	[[Category: ~~Unreleased Structures~~]]	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5fbn\|5fbn]]</td></tr>
-	[[Category: Fischmann, T.O]]	+	<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_protein-tyrosine_kinase Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.2 2.7.10.2] </span></td></tr>
		+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5fbo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5fbo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5fbo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5fbo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5fbo PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
		+	</table>
		+	== Disease ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN]] Defects in BTK are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/300755 300755]]; also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1 (AGMX1) or immunodeficiency type 1 (IMD1). XLA is a humoral immunodeficiency disease which results in developmental defects in the maturation pathway of B-cells. Affected boys have normal levels of pre-B-cells in their bone marrow but virtually no circulating mature B-lymphocytes. This results in a lack of immunoglobulins of all classes and leads to recurrent bacterial infections like otitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, sinusitis in the first few years of life, or even some patients present overwhelming sepsis or meningitis, resulting in death in a few hours. Treatment in most cases is by infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.<ref>PMID:7880320</ref> <ref>PMID:8013627</ref> <ref>PMID:8162056</ref> <ref>PMID:8162018</ref> <ref>PMID:7849697</ref> <ref>PMID:7849721</ref> <ref>PMID:7809124</ref> <ref>PMID:7849006</ref> <ref>PMID:7711734</ref> <ref>PMID:7633420</ref> <ref>PMID:7633429</ref> <ref>PMID:8634718</ref> <ref>PMID:7627183</ref> <ref>PMID:7897635</ref> <ref>PMID:8723128</ref> <ref>PMID:8695804</ref> <ref>PMID:8834236</ref> <ref>PMID:9280283</ref> <ref>PMID:9260159</ref> <ref>PMID:9545398</ref> <ref>PMID:9445504</ref> <ref>PMID:10220140</ref> <ref>PMID:10678660</ref> <ref>PMID:10612838</ref> Defects in BTK may be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency (XLA-IGHD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/307200 307200]]; also known as agammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency or Fleisher syndrome or isolated growth hormone deficiency type 3 (IGHD3). In rare cases XLA is inherited together with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN]] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref>
		+	== References ==
		+	<references/>
		+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Fischmann, T O]]
		+	[[Category: Kinase]]
		+	[[Category: Phosphatase]]
		+	[[Category: Transferase-transferase inhibitor complex]]

OCA: Protected "5fbo" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

OCA — Wed, 23 Dec 2015 11:25:16 GMT

Protected "5fbo" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 11:25, 23 December 2015

OCA: New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 5fbo is ON HOLD until Paper Publication Authors: Fischmann, T.O. Description: Category: Unreleased Structures Category: Fischmann, T.O

OCA — Wed, 23 Dec 2015 11:25:15 GMT

New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 5fbo is ON HOLD until Paper Publication Authors: Fischmann, T.O. Description: Category: Unreleased Structures Category: Fischmann, T.O

New page

'''Unreleased structure'''

The entry 5fbo is ON HOLD until Paper Publication

Authors: Fischmann, T.O.

Description:
[[Category: Unreleased Structures]]
[[Category: Fischmann, T.O]]