5mez - Revision history

OCA at 18:41, 1 November 2023

OCA — Wed, 01 Nov 2023 18:41:29 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:41, 1 November 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Crystal structure of Smad4-MH1 bound to the GGCT site.==		==Crystal structure of Smad4-MH1 bound to the GGCT site.==
-	<StructureSection load='5mez' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5mez]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.98Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='5mez' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5mez]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.98Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5mez]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Human Human~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5MEZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5MEZ FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5mez]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5MEZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5MEZ FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='~~ligand~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Ligand~~\|~~Ligands~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"~~><scene name~~=~~'pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene~~>, ~~<scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene>~~</td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 2.98Å</td></tr>
-	<tr id='~~gene~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Gene~~\|~~Gene~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">~~SMAD4, DPC4, MADH4 ([http~~:/~~/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode~~=~~Info&srchmode~~=~~5&id=9606 HUMAN])~~</td></tr>	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5mez FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5mez OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/5mez PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5mez RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5mez PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5mez ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5mez FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5mez OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5mez PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5mez RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5mez PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5mez ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Disease ==		== Disease ==
-	[~~[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of pancreatic cancer (PNCA) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/260350 260350]]. Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/174900 174900]]; also known as juvenile intestinal polyposis (JIP). JPS is an autosomal dominant gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome in which patients are at risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. The lesions are typified by a smooth histological appearance, predominant stroma, cystic spaces and lack of a smooth muscle core. Multiple juvenile polyps usually occur in a number of Mendelian disorders. Sometimes, these polyps occur without associated features as in JPS; here, polyps tend to occur in the large bowel and are associated with an increased risk of colon and other gastrointestinal cancers.<ref>PMID:9811934</ref> <ref>PMID:12417513</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome (JP/HHT) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/175050 175050]]. JP/HHT syndrome phenotype consists of the coexistence of juvenile polyposis (JIP) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/187300 187300]] in a single individual. JIP and HHT are autosomal dominant disorders with distinct and non-overlapping clinical features. The former, an inherited gastrointestinal malignancy predisposition, is caused by mutations in SMAD4 or BMPR1A, and the latter is a vascular malformation disorder caused by mutations in ENG or ACVRL1. All four genes encode proteins involved in the transforming-growth-factor-signaling pathway. Although there are reports of patients and families with phenotypes of both disorders combined, the genetic etiology of this association is unknown. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]]. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/178600 178600]]. A rare disorder characterized by plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles. The lesions lead to elevated pulmonary arterial pression, right ventricular failure, and death. The disease can occur from infancy throughout life and it has a mean age at onset of 36 years. Penetrance is reduced. Although familial PPH1 is rare, cases secondary to known etiologies are more common and include those associated with the appetite-suppressant drugs.<ref>PMID:21898662</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are the cause of Myhre syndrome (MYHRS) [MIM:[~~http~~://omim.org/entry/139210 139210]]. MYHRS is a syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, generalized muscle hypertrophy and striking muscular build, decreased joint mobility, cryptorchidism, and unusual facies. Dysmorphic facial features include microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and blepharophimosis. Typical skeletal anomalies are short stature, square body shape, broad ribs, iliac hypoplasia, brachydactyly, flattened vertebrae, and thickened calvaria. Other features, such as congenital heart disease, may also occur.<ref>PMID:22243968</ref> <ref>PMID:22158539</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN] Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of pancreatic cancer (PNCA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/260350 260350]. Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/174900 174900]; also known as juvenile intestinal polyposis (JIP). JPS is an autosomal dominant gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome in which patients are at risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. The lesions are typified by a smooth histological appearance, predominant stroma, cystic spaces and lack of a smooth muscle core. Multiple juvenile polyps usually occur in a number of Mendelian disorders. Sometimes, these polyps occur without associated features as in JPS; here, polyps tend to occur in the large bowel and are associated with an increased risk of colon and other gastrointestinal cancers.<ref>PMID:9811934</ref> <ref>PMID:12417513</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome (JP/HHT) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/175050 175050]. JP/HHT syndrome phenotype consists of the coexistence of juvenile polyposis (JIP) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/187300 187300] in a single individual. JIP and HHT are autosomal dominant disorders with distinct and non-overlapping clinical features. The former, an inherited gastrointestinal malignancy predisposition, is caused by mutations in SMAD4 or BMPR1A, and the latter is a vascular malformation disorder caused by mutations in ENG or ACVRL1. All four genes encode proteins involved in the transforming-growth-factor-signaling pathway. Although there are reports of patients and families with phenotypes of both disorders combined, the genetic etiology of this association is unknown. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/178600 178600]. A rare disorder characterized by plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles. The lesions lead to elevated pulmonary arterial pression, right ventricular failure, and death. The disease can occur from infancy throughout life and it has a mean age at onset of 36 years. Penetrance is reduced. Although familial PPH1 is rare, cases secondary to known etiologies are more common and include those associated with the appetite-suppressant drugs.<ref>PMID:21898662</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are the cause of Myhre syndrome (MYHRS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/139210 139210]. MYHRS is a syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, generalized muscle hypertrophy and striking muscular build, decreased joint mobility, cryptorchidism, and unusual facies. Dysmorphic facial features include microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and blepharophimosis. Typical skeletal anomalies are short stature, square body shape, broad ribs, iliac hypoplasia, brachydactyly, flattened vertebrae, and thickened calvaria. Other features, such as congenital heart disease, may also occur.<ref>PMID:22243968</ref> <ref>PMID:22158539</ref>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[~~[http~~://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9389648</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN] Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9389648</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 25:		Line 25:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
-	[[Category: ~~Human~~]]	+	[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-	[[Category: ~~Freier, R~~]]	+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: ~~Kaczmarska, Z~~]]	+	[[Category: Freier R]]
-	[[Category: ~~Macias, M J~~]]	+	[[Category: Kaczmarska Z]]
-	[[Category: ~~Marquez, J A~~]]	+	[[Category: Macias MJ]]
-	[[Category: ~~Dna complex]]~~	+	[[Category: Marquez JA]]
-	~~[[Category: Smad]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Transcription]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Transcription factor~~]]	+

OCA at 08:50, 27 December 2017

OCA — Wed, 27 Dec 2017 08:50:43 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 27 December 2017
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='5mez' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5mez]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.98Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='5mez' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5mez]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.98Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5mez]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5MEZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5MEZ FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5mez]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5MEZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5MEZ FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
		+	<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene\|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">SMAD4, DPC4, MADH4 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5mez FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5mez OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5mez PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5mez RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5mez PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5mez ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5mez FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5mez OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5mez PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5mez RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5mez PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5mez ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
Line 11:		Line 12:
	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9389648</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref>		[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9389648</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	Smad transcription factors activated by TGF-beta or by BMP receptors form trimeric complexes with Smad4 to target specific genes for cell fate regulation. The CAGAC motif has been considered as the main binding element for Smad2/3/4, whereas Smad1/5/8 have been thought to preferentially bind GC-rich elements. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in embryonic stem cells showed extensive binding of Smad2/3/4 to GC-rich cis-regulatory elements. Here, we present the structural basis for specific binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to GC-rich motifs in the goosecoid promoter, a nodal-regulated differentiation gene. The structures revealed a 5-bp consensus sequence GGC(GC)\|(CG) as the binding site for both TGF-beta and BMP-activated Smads and for Smad4. These 5GC motifs are highly represented as clusters in Smad-bound regions genome-wide. Our results provide a basis for understanding the functional adaptability of Smads in different cellular contexts, and their dependence on lineage-determining transcription factors to target specific genes in TGF-beta and BMP pathways.
		+
		+	Structural basis for genome wide recognition of 5-bp GC motifs by SMAD transcription factors.,Martin-Malpartida P, Batet M, Kaczmarska Z, Freier R, Gomes T, Aragon E, Zou Y, Wang Q, Xi Q, Ruiz L, Vea A, Marquez JA, Massague J, Macias MJ Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 12;8(1):2070. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02054-6. PMID:29234012<ref>PMID:29234012</ref>
		+
		+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
		+	</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 5mez" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Human]]
	[[Category: Freier, R]]		[[Category: Freier, R]]
	[[Category: Kaczmarska, Z]]		[[Category: Kaczmarska, Z]]

OCA at 07:25, 15 November 2017

OCA — Wed, 15 Nov 2017 07:25:30 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 15 November 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	'''Unreleased structure'''

-	The entry ~~5mez~~ is ~~ON HOLD~~ ~~until Paper Publication~~	+	==Crystal structure of Smad4-MH1 bound to the GGCT site.==
-		+	<StructureSection load='5mez' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5mez]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 2.98Å' scene=''>
-	~~Authors~~:	+	== Structural highlights ==
-		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5mez]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5MEZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5MEZ FirstGlance]. <br>
-	~~Description~~:	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
-	[[Category: ~~Unreleased Structures~~]]	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5mez FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5mez OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5mez PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5mez RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5mez PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5mez ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
		+	</table>
		+	== Disease ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of pancreatic cancer (PNCA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/260350 260350]]. Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/174900 174900]]; also known as juvenile intestinal polyposis (JIP). JPS is an autosomal dominant gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome in which patients are at risk for developing gastrointestinal cancers. The lesions are typified by a smooth histological appearance, predominant stroma, cystic spaces and lack of a smooth muscle core. Multiple juvenile polyps usually occur in a number of Mendelian disorders. Sometimes, these polyps occur without associated features as in JPS; here, polyps tend to occur in the large bowel and are associated with an increased risk of colon and other gastrointestinal cancers.<ref>PMID:9811934</ref> <ref>PMID:12417513</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are a cause of juvenile polyposis/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome (JP/HHT) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/175050 175050]]. JP/HHT syndrome phenotype consists of the coexistence of juvenile polyposis (JIP) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/187300 187300]] in a single individual. JIP and HHT are autosomal dominant disorders with distinct and non-overlapping clinical features. The former, an inherited gastrointestinal malignancy predisposition, is caused by mutations in SMAD4 or BMPR1A, and the latter is a vascular malformation disorder caused by mutations in ENG or ACVRL1. All four genes encode proteins involved in the transforming-growth-factor-signaling pathway. Although there are reports of patients and families with phenotypes of both disorders combined, the genetic etiology of this association is unknown. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]]. Defects in SMAD4 may be a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/178600 178600]]. A rare disorder characterized by plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles. The lesions lead to elevated pulmonary arterial pression, right ventricular failure, and death. The disease can occur from infancy throughout life and it has a mean age at onset of 36 years. Penetrance is reduced. Although familial PPH1 is rare, cases secondary to known etiologies are more common and include those associated with the appetite-suppressant drugs.<ref>PMID:21898662</ref> Defects in SMAD4 are the cause of Myhre syndrome (MYHRS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/139210 139210]]. MYHRS is a syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, generalized muscle hypertrophy and striking muscular build, decreased joint mobility, cryptorchidism, and unusual facies. Dysmorphic facial features include microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and blepharophimosis. Typical skeletal anomalies are short stature, square body shape, broad ribs, iliac hypoplasia, brachydactyly, flattened vertebrae, and thickened calvaria. Other features, such as congenital heart disease, may also occur.<ref>PMID:22243968</ref> <ref>PMID:22158539</ref>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SMAD4_HUMAN SMAD4_HUMAN]] Common SMAD (co-SMAD) is the coactivator and mediator of signal transduction by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor). Component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. Promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. Component of the multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex which forms at the AP1 promoter site; required for syngernistic transcriptional activity in response to TGF-beta. May act as a tumor suppressor. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.<ref>PMID:9389648</ref> <ref>PMID:17327236</ref>
		+	== References ==
		+	<references/>
		+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Freier, R]]
		+	[[Category: Kaczmarska, Z]]
		+	[[Category: Macias, M J]]
		+	[[Category: Marquez, J A]]
		+	[[Category: Dna complex]]
		+	[[Category: Smad]]
		+	[[Category: Transcription]]
		+	[[Category: Transcription factor]]

OCA: Protected "5mez" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

OCA — Fri, 09 Dec 2016 16:45:12 GMT

Protected "5mez" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 16:45, 9 December 2016

OCA: New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 5mez is ON HOLD until Paper Publication Authors: Description: Category: Unreleased Structures

OCA — Fri, 09 Dec 2016 16:45:11 GMT

New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 5mez is ON HOLD until Paper Publication Authors: Description: Category: Unreleased Structures

New page

'''Unreleased structure'''

The entry 5mez is ON HOLD until Paper Publication

Authors:

Description:
[[Category: Unreleased Structures]]