5tji - Revision history

OCA at 15:41, 6 March 2024

OCA — Wed, 06 Mar 2024 15:41:24 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 6 March 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<SX load='5tji' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>		<SX load='5tji' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Aplca Aplca~~]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia_californica Aplysia californica]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene>~~</td></tr>~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 3.8Å</td></tr>
-	~~<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5tj6\|5tj6]]~~</td></tr>	+	<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
-	~~<div style~~=~~"background-color:#fffaf0;">~~	+	== Function ==
-	=~~= Publication Abstract from PubMed~~ ==	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5QJC5_APLCA Q5QJC5_APLCA]
-	The precise control of an ion channel gate by environmental stimuli is crucial for the fulfilment of its biological role. The gate in Slo1 K+ channels is regulated by two separate stimuli, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane voltage. Slo1 is thus central to understanding the relationship between intracellular Ca2+ and membrane excitability. Here we present the Slo1 structure from Aplysia californica in the absence of Ca2+ and compare it with the Ca2+-bound channel. We show that Ca2+ binding at two unique binding sites per subunit stabilizes an expanded conformation of the Ca2+ sensor gating ring. These conformational changes are propagated from the gating ring to the pore through covalent linkers and through protein interfaces formed between the gating ring and the voltage sensors. The gating ring and the voltage sensors are directly connected through these interfaces, which allow membrane voltage to regulate gating of the pore by influencing the Ca2+ sensors.	+
-		+
-	~~Structural basis for gating the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel.,Hite RK, Tao X, MacKinnon R Nature. 2017 Jan 5;541(7635)~~:~~52-57. doi: 10.1038~~/~~nature20775. Epub 2016 Dec 14. PMID:27974801<ref>PMID:27974801<~~/~~ref>~~	+
-		+
-	~~From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U~~.S. ~~National Library of Medicine.<br>~~	+
-	</~~div>~~	+
-	~~<div class="pdbe-citations 5tji" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"><~~/~~div>~~	+

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Potassium channel 3D structures\|Potassium channel 3D structures]]		*[[Potassium channel 3D structures\|Potassium channel 3D structures]]
-	== References ==
-	<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</SX>		</SX>
-	[[Category: ~~Aplca~~]]	+	[[Category: Aplysia californica]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
-	[[Category: Hite~~, R K~~]]	+	[[Category: Hite RK]]
-	[[Category: MacKinnon, R]]	+	[[Category: MacKinnon R]]
-	[[Category: Tao, X]]	+	[[Category: Tao X]]
-	~~[[Category: Ca2+ bound]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: High conductance]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Ion channel]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: K+ channel]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Membrane protein~~]]	+

OCA at 21:45, 10 April 2020

OCA — Fri, 10 Apr 2020 21:45:32 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:45, 10 April 2020
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<SX load='5tji' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>		<SX load='5tji' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5tj6\|5tj6]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5tj6\|5tj6]]</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">

OCA at 19:37, 6 March 2020

OCA — Fri, 06 Mar 2020 19:37:59 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 19:37, 6 March 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Ca2+ bound aplysia Slo1==		==Ca2+ bound aplysia Slo1==
-	<~~StructureSection~~ load='5tji' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>	+	<SX load='5tji' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>
Line 23:		Line 23:
	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
-	</~~StructureSection~~>	+	</SX>
	[[Category: Aplca]]		[[Category: Aplca]]
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]

OCA at 09:02, 18 December 2019

OCA — Wed, 18 Dec 2019 09:02:33 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:02, 18 December 2019
Line 19:		Line 19:

	==See Also==		==See Also==
-	*[[Potassium ~~Channel~~\|Potassium ~~Channel~~]]	+	*[[Potassium channel 3D structures\|Potassium channel 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 16:41, 20 November 2019

OCA — Wed, 20 Nov 2019 16:41:01 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 20 November 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Ca2+ bound aplysia Slo1==		==Ca2+ bound aplysia Slo1==
-	<StructureSection load='5tji' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='5tji' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>
Line 25:		Line 25:
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	[[Category: Aplca]]		[[Category: Aplca]]
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Hite, R K]]		[[Category: Hite, R K]]
	[[Category: MacKinnon, R]]		[[Category: MacKinnon, R]]

OCA at 09:07, 18 July 2018

OCA — Wed, 18 Jul 2018 09:07:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 18 July 2018
Line 17:		Line 17:
	</div>		</div>
	<div class="pdbe-citations 5tji" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>		<div class="pdbe-citations 5tji" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Potassium Channel\|Potassium Channel]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 14:25, 6 November 2017

OCA — Mon, 06 Nov 2017 14:25:01 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 6 November 2017
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<StructureSection load='5tji' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='5tji' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplca Aplca]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene></td></tr>
	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5tj6\|5tj6]]</td></tr>		<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5tj6\|5tj6]]</td></tr>
Line 21:		Line 21:
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Aplca]]
	[[Category: Hite, R K]]		[[Category: Hite, R K]]
	[[Category: MacKinnon, R]]		[[Category: MacKinnon, R]]

OCA at 08:00, 18 January 2017

OCA — Wed, 18 Jan 2017 08:00:37 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:00, 18 January 2017
Line 8:		Line 8:
	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>		<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	The precise control of an ion channel gate by environmental stimuli is crucial for the fulfilment of its biological role. The gate in Slo1 K+ channels is regulated by two separate stimuli, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane voltage. Slo1 is thus central to understanding the relationship between intracellular Ca2+ and membrane excitability. Here we present the Slo1 structure from Aplysia californica in the absence of Ca2+ and compare it with the Ca2+-bound channel. We show that Ca2+ binding at two unique binding sites per subunit stabilizes an expanded conformation of the Ca2+ sensor gating ring. These conformational changes are propagated from the gating ring to the pore through covalent linkers and through protein interfaces formed between the gating ring and the voltage sensors. The gating ring and the voltage sensors are directly connected through these interfaces, which allow membrane voltage to regulate gating of the pore by influencing the Ca2+ sensors.
		+
		+	Structural basis for gating the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel.,Hite RK, Tao X, MacKinnon R Nature. 2017 Jan 5;541(7635):52-57. doi: 10.1038/nature20775. Epub 2016 Dec 14. PMID:27974801<ref>PMID:27974801</ref>
		+
		+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
		+	</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 5tji" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+	== References ==
		+	<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>

OCA at 16:30, 2 January 2017

OCA — Mon, 02 Jan 2017 16:30:17 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 2 January 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	'''Unreleased structure'''

-	~~The entry~~ 5tji is ~~ON HOLD until Paper Publication~~	+	==Ca2+ bound aplysia Slo1==
-		+	<StructureSection load='5tji' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5tji]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''>
-	~~Authors~~: ~~MacKinnon~~, R., ~~Tao~~, X., ~~Hite~~, R.K.	+	== Structural highlights ==
-		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tji]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TJI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TJI FirstGlance]. <br>
-	~~Description: Ca2+ bound aplysia Slo1~~	+	</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand\|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PGW:(1R)-2-{[(S)-{[(2S)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL]OXY}(HYDROXY)PHOSPHORYL]OXY}-1-[(HEXADECANOYLOXY)METHYL]ETHYL+(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOATE'>PGW</scene></td></tr>
-	[[Category: ~~Unreleased Structures~~]]	+	<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure\|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5tj6\|5tj6]]</td></tr>
-	[[Category: ~~Mackinnon~~, R]]	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tji FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tji OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5tji PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tji RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tji PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tji ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
		+	</table>
		+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Hite, R K]]
		+	[[Category: MacKinnon, R]]
	[[Category: Tao, X]]		[[Category: Tao, X]]
-	[[Category: ~~Hite, R.~~K]]	+	[[Category: Ca2+ bound]]
		+	[[Category: High conductance]]
		+	[[Category: Ion channel]]
		+	[[Category: K+ channel]]
		+	[[Category: Membrane protein]]

OCA at 17:34, 9 December 2016

OCA — Fri, 09 Dec 2016 17:34:12 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 9 December 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Unreleased structure'''		'''Unreleased structure'''

-	The entry 5tji is ON HOLD	+	The entry 5tji is ON HOLD until Paper Publication

	Authors: MacKinnon, R., Tao, X., Hite, R.K.		Authors: MacKinnon, R., Tao, X., Hite, R.K.