6t7i - Revision history

OCA at 10:17, 22 May 2024

OCA — Wed, 22 May 2024 10:17:26 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 10:17, 22 May 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<SX load='6t7i' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>		<SX load='6t7i' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 81 chain structure with sequence from [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [~~http~~://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 10 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>
-	</td></tr><tr id='~~NonStdRes~~'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[~~Non-Standard_Residue~~\|~~NonStd Res~~:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"~~><scene name~~=~~'pdbligand=I:INOSINIC+ACID'>I</scene~~></td></tr>	+	</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models\|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution\|Resolution]] 3.2Å</td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[~~http~~://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6t7i FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6t7i OCA], [~~http~~://pdbe.org/6t7i PDBe], [~~http~~://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6t7i RCSB], [~~http~~://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6t7i PDBsum], [~~http~~://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6t7i ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6t7i FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6t7i OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6t7i PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6t7i RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6t7i PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6t7i ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL24B_YEAST RL24B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL6B_YEAST RL6B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14A_YEAST RS14A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11A_YEAST RL11A_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>	+	[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS26A_YEAST RS26A_YEAST]
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Line 21:		Line 21:
	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Ribosome 3D structures\|Ribosome 3D structures]]		*[[Ribosome 3D structures\|Ribosome 3D structures]]
		+	*[[3D sructureseceptor for activated protein kinase C 1\|3D sructureseceptor for activated protein kinase C 1]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
Line 27:		Line 28:
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]		[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]
-	[[Category: Becker, R]]	+	[[Category: Becker R]]
-	[[Category: Beckmann, R]]	+	[[Category: Beckmann R]]
-	[[Category: Berninghausen, O]]	+	[[Category: Berninghausen O]]
-	[[Category: Buschauer, R]]	+	[[Category: Buschauer R]]
-	[[Category: Cheng, J]]	+	[[Category: Cheng J]]
-	[[Category: Tesina, P]]	+	[[Category: Tesina P]]
-	~~[[Category: Stalling dicodon codon pair]]~~	+
-	~~[[Category: Translation~~]]	+

OCA at 06:23, 11 April 2020

OCA — Sat, 11 Apr 2020 06:23:47 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:23, 11 April 2020
Line 3:		Line 3:
	<SX load='6t7i' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>		<SX load='6t7i' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
-	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 81 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>	+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 81 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>
	</td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=I:INOSINIC+ACID'>I</scene></td></tr>		</td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=I:INOSINIC+ACID'>I</scene></td></tr>
-	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://~~oca~~.~~weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs~~/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6t7i FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6t7i OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6t7i PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6t7i RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6t7i PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6t7i ProSAT]</span></td></tr>	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6t7i FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6t7i OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6t7i PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6t7i RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6t7i PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6t7i ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==

OCA at 00:58, 7 March 2020

OCA — Sat, 07 Mar 2020 00:58:17 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:58, 7 March 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:

	==Structure of yeast 80S ribosome stalled on the CGA-CGA inhibitory codon combination.==		==Structure of yeast 80S ribosome stalled on the CGA-CGA inhibitory codon combination.==
-	<~~StructureSection~~ load='6t7i' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>	+	<SX load='6t7i' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>
	== Structural highlights ==		== Structural highlights ==
	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 81 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>		<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 81 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>
Line 8:		Line 8:
	</table>		</table>
	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL24B_YEAST RL24B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL6B_YEAST RL6B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14A_YEAST RS14A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11A_YEAST RL11A_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>	+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL24B_YEAST RL24B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL6B_YEAST RL6B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14A_YEAST RS14A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11A_YEAST RL11A_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>
	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">		<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==		== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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	<references/>		<references/>
	__TOC__		__TOC__
-	</~~StructureSection~~>	+	</SX>
	[[Category: Large Structures]]		[[Category: Large Structures]]
	[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]		[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]

OCA at 12:17, 1 January 2020

OCA — Wed, 01 Jan 2020 12:17:35 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, 1 January 2020
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	== Function ==		== Function ==
	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL24B_YEAST RL24B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL6B_YEAST RL6B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14A_YEAST RS14A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11A_YEAST RL11A_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>		[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL24B_YEAST RL24B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL6B_YEAST RL6B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14A_YEAST RS14A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11A_YEAST RL11A_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>
		+	<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
		+	== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
		+	Inhibitory codon pairs and poly(A) tracts within the translated mRNA cause ribosome stalling and reduce protein output. The molecular mechanisms that drive these stalling events, however, are still unknown. Here, we use a combination of in vitro biochemistry, ribosome profiling, and cryo-EM to define molecular mechanisms that lead to these ribosome stalls. First, we use an in vitro reconstituted yeast translation system to demonstrate that inhibitory codon pairs slow elongation rates which are partially rescued by increased tRNA concentration or by an artificial tRNA not dependent on wobble base-pairing. Ribosome profiling data extend these observations by revealing that paused ribosomes with empty A sites are enriched on these sequences. Cryo-EM structures of stalled ribosomes provide a structural explanation for the observed effects by showing decoding-incompatible conformations of mRNA in the A sites of all studied stall- and collision-inducing sequences. Interestingly, in the case of poly(A) tracts, the inhibitory conformation of the mRNA in the A site involves a nucleotide stacking array. Together, these data demonstrate a novel mRNA-induced mechanisms of translational stalling in eukaryotic ribosomes.
		+
		+	Molecular mechanism of translational stalling by inhibitory codon combinations and poly(A) tracts.,Tesina P, Lessen LN, Buschauer R, Cheng J, Wu CC, Berninghausen O, Buskirk AR, Becker T, Beckmann R, Green R EMBO J. 2019 Dec 20:e103365. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019103365. PMID:31858614<ref>PMID:31858614</ref>
		+
		+	From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
		+	</div>
		+	<div class="pdbe-citations 6t7i" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Ribosome 3D structures\|Ribosome 3D structures]]
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

OCA at 09:19, 25 December 2019

OCA — Wed, 25 Dec 2019 09:19:16 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:19, 25 December 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	'''Unreleased structure'''

-	~~The entry~~ 6t7i ~~is ON HOLD until Paper Publication~~	+	==Structure of yeast 80S ribosome stalled on the CGA-CGA inhibitory codon combination.==
-		+	<StructureSection load='6t7i' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6t7i]], [[Resolution\|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''>
-	~~Authors~~:	+	== Structural highlights ==
-		+	<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6t7i]] is a 81 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6T7I OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6T7I FirstGlance]. <br>
-	~~Description~~:	+	</td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue\|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=I:INOSINIC+ACID'>I</scene></td></tr>
-	[[Category: ~~Unreleased~~ Structures]]	+	<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6t7i FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6t7i OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6t7i PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6t7i RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6t7i PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6t7i ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
		+	</table>
		+	== Function ==
		+	[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). 40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL24B_YEAST RL24B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL6B_YEAST RL6B_YEAST]] Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14A_YEAST RS14A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11A_YEAST RL11A_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>
		+	== References ==
		+	<references/>
		+	__TOC__
		+	</StructureSection>
		+	[[Category: Large Structures]]
		+	[[Category: Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]
		+	[[Category: Becker, R]]
		+	[[Category: Beckmann, R]]
		+	[[Category: Berninghausen, O]]
		+	[[Category: Buschauer, R]]
		+	[[Category: Cheng, J]]
		+	[[Category: Tesina, P]]
		+	[[Category: Stalling dicodon codon pair]]
		+	[[Category: Translation]]

OCA: Protected "6t7i" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

OCA — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 07:29:57 GMT

Protected "6t7i" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 07:29, 30 October 2019

OCA: New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 6t7i is ON HOLD until Paper Publication Authors: Description: Category: Unreleased Structures

OCA — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 07:29:55 GMT

New page: '''Unreleased structure''' The entry 6t7i is ON HOLD until Paper Publication Authors: Description: Category: Unreleased Structures

New page

'''Unreleased structure'''

The entry 6t7i is ON HOLD until Paper Publication

Authors:

Description:
[[Category: Unreleased Structures]]