HIV-Protease - Revision history

OCA: Redirecting to Immunodeficiency virus protease

OCA — Fri, 15 Sep 2017 07:50:00 GMT

Redirecting to Immunodeficiency virus protease

←Older revision		Revision as of 07:50, 15 September 2017
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-	#REDIRECT[[~~HIV-1~~ protease]]	+	#REDIRECT [[Immunodeficiency virus protease]]

OCA: Protected "HIV-Protease" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

OCA — Fri, 15 Sep 2017 07:14:04 GMT

Protected "HIV-Protease" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]

←Older revision

Revision as of 07:14, 15 September 2017

David Canner: Redirecting to HIV-1 protease

David Canner — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 08:06:35 GMT

Redirecting to HIV-1 protease

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:06, 1 December 2010
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-	~~<StructureSection load='2nmz' size='500' side='right' background='none' scene='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2' caption='Structure of HIV Protease'>~~	+	#REDIRECT[[HIV-1 protease]]
-	[[Image:CannergreyHIV2.png\|220px\|left]][[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]] (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV directs the synthesis of several polyproteins, which each consist of several tandemly linked proteins. The maturation of the virus to its infectious form requires that these polyproteins be cleaved to their component proteins. <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2'>HIV-1 protease~~</scene>, a homodimeric enzyme, is responsible for doing so and is therefore crucial to the virus's infectious capacity.~~	+
-		+
-	~~===Structure of HIV-1 Protease===~~	+
-	The X-ray structure of HIV-1 protease reveals that it is composed of <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Identical_subunits/1'>two symmetrically related subunits</scene>, each consisting of 99 amino acid residues. The subunits come together in such as way as to <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Tunnel/1'>form a tunnel where they meet</scene>. This tunnel is of critical importance because the active site of the protease is located in its interior. The active site consists of <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Catalytic_triad/2'> two Asp-Thr-Gly catalytic triads</scene>, making it a member of the aspartyl protease family. The two Asp's are <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Catalytic_asp/1'>essential catalytic residues</scene> that activate a water molecule to hydrolytically cleave the polyprotein that binds in the tunnel.<ref>PMID:1799632</ref> You may be wondering how a polyprotein makes its way into the active-site tunnel, as the<scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Narrow_tunnel/1'> tunnel appears to be too narrow </scene> to admit it. The key is the two flexible flaps on the top of the tunnel that <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Hiv_tunnel_morph/3'>move to allow proteins </scene>to enter the tunnel. The flaps <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Hiv_tunnel_morph_flaps/2'>undergo a dramatic movement</scene>, shifting from an open to a closed conformation to bind the target in an appropriate conformation for cleavage.	+
-		+
-	~~===Medical Implications===~~	+
-	There currently is no cure or vaccine against HIV. Researchers, however, have discovered treatments that can halt and even reverse the progression of AIDS, due in large part to our understanding of the structure of HIV-1 protease. <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Saquinavir/4'>Saquinavir</scene> was the first protease inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of HIV. It inhibits HIV protease by <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Saquinavir_tunnel/1'>binding tightly in the active site tunnel</scene>, preventing the binding of polyproteins. Its chemical structure mimics the tetrahedral intermediate of the hydrolytic reaction, thereby <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Saquinavir_cat/1'>interacting strongly with the catalytic triad</scene>.<ref>PMID:17243183</ref> Saquinavir is essentially an uncleavable ligand, as indicated by the <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Hiv_morph2/9'> similar conformational changes in the protease flaps </scene> on binding saquinavir or a polypeptide . Other drugs used to treat HIV infection that inhibit <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Inhibitor_intro/1'>HIV protease</scene> include <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Indinavir/2'>Indinavir </scene> ([[1hsg]]), <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Ritonavir/1'>Ritonavir</scene> ([[1hxw]]), and <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Nelfinavir/2'>Nelfinavir</scene> ([[1ohr]]).	+
-	~~__NOEDITSECTION__~~	+
-	~~__NOTOC__~~	+
-	~~</StructureSection>~~	+
-		+
-	~~==Additional Resources==~~	+
-	~~For additional information, see: [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus~~]]	+
-	~~<br />~~	+
-		+
-	~~==References==~~	+
-	~~<references/>~~	+

David Canner at 08:04, 1 December 2010

David Canner — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 08:04:28 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:04, 1 December 2010
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	<StructureSection load='2nmz' size='500' side='right' background='none' scene='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2' caption='Structure of HIV Protease'>		<StructureSection load='2nmz' size='500' side='right' background='none' scene='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2' caption='Structure of HIV Protease'>
-	=HIV-Protease=
	[[Image:CannergreyHIV2.png\|220px\|left]][[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]] (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV directs the synthesis of several polyproteins, which each consist of several tandemly linked proteins. The maturation of the virus to its infectious form requires that these polyproteins be cleaved to their component proteins. <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2'>HIV-1 protease</scene>, a homodimeric enzyme, is responsible for doing so and is therefore crucial to the virus's infectious capacity.		[[Image:CannergreyHIV2.png\|220px\|left]][[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]] (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV directs the synthesis of several polyproteins, which each consist of several tandemly linked proteins. The maturation of the virus to its infectious form requires that these polyproteins be cleaved to their component proteins. <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2'>HIV-1 protease</scene>, a homodimeric enzyme, is responsible for doing so and is therefore crucial to the virus's infectious capacity.

David Canner: New page: =HIV-Protease= [[Image:Cannergr...

David Canner — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 08:04:07 GMT

New page: <StructureSection load='2nmz' size='500' side='right' background='none' scene='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2' caption='Structure of HIV Protease'> =HIV-Protease= [[Image:Cannergr...

New page

<StructureSection load='2nmz' size='500' side='right' background='none' scene='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2' caption='Structure of HIV Protease'>
=HIV-Protease=
[[Image:CannergreyHIV2.png|220px|left]][[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]] (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV directs the synthesis of several polyproteins, which each consist of several tandemly linked proteins. The maturation of the virus to its infectious form requires that these polyproteins be cleaved to their component proteins. <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Opening/2'>HIV-1 protease</scene>, a homodimeric enzyme, is responsible for doing so and is therefore crucial to the virus's infectious capacity.

===Structure of HIV-1 Protease===
The X-ray structure of HIV-1 protease reveals that it is composed of <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Identical_subunits/1'>two symmetrically related subunits</scene>, each consisting of 99 amino acid residues. The subunits come together in such as way as to <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Tunnel/1'>form a tunnel where they meet</scene>. This tunnel is of critical importance because the active site of the protease is located in its interior. The active site consists of <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Catalytic_triad/2'> two Asp-Thr-Gly catalytic triads</scene>, making it a member of the aspartyl protease family. The two Asp's are <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Catalytic_asp/1'>essential catalytic residues</scene> that activate a water molecule to hydrolytically cleave the polyprotein that binds in the tunnel.<ref>PMID:1799632</ref> You may be wondering how a polyprotein makes its way into the active-site tunnel, as the<scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Narrow_tunnel/1'> tunnel appears to be too narrow </scene> to admit it. The key is the two flexible flaps on the top of the tunnel that <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Hiv_tunnel_morph/3'>move to allow proteins </scene>to enter the tunnel. The flaps <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Hiv_tunnel_morph_flaps/2'>undergo a dramatic movement</scene>, shifting from an open to a closed conformation to bind the target in an appropriate conformation for cleavage.

===Medical Implications===
There currently is no cure or vaccine against HIV. Researchers, however, have discovered treatments that can halt and even reverse the progression of AIDS, due in large part to our understanding of the structure of HIV-1 protease. <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Saquinavir/4'>Saquinavir</scene> was the first protease inhibitor approved by the FDA for the treatment of HIV. It inhibits HIV protease by <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Saquinavir_tunnel/1'>binding tightly in the active site tunnel</scene>, preventing the binding of polyproteins. Its chemical structure mimics the tetrahedral intermediate of the hydrolytic reaction, thereby <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Saquinavir_cat/1'>interacting strongly with the catalytic triad</scene>.<ref>PMID:17243183</ref> Saquinavir is essentially an uncleavable ligand, as indicated by the <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Hiv_morph2/9'> similar conformational changes in the protease flaps </scene> on binding saquinavir or a polypeptide . Other drugs used to treat HIV infection that inhibit <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Inhibitor_intro/1'>HIV protease</scene> include <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Indinavir/2'>Indinavir </scene> ([[1hsg]]), <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Ritonavir/1'>Ritonavir</scene> ([[1hxw]]), and <scene name='User:David_Canner/Sandbox_HIV/Nelfinavir/2'>Nelfinavir</scene> ([[1ohr]]).
__NOEDITSECTION__
__NOTOC__
</StructureSection>

==Additional Resources==
For additional information, see: [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]]
<br />

==References==
<references/>