Sandbox Reserved 1590 - Revision history

Jacob Faro at 03:25, 4 December 2021

Jacob Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 03:25:49 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:25, 4 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==		==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==
	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' frame='true' side='right' align='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''> />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->		<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' frame='true' side='right' align='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''> />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->
-	</StructureSection~~></StructureSection></StructureSection>' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /~~>{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->	+	</StructureSection>{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->

Jacob Faro at 03:00, 4 December 2021

Jacob Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 03:00:29 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 03:00, 4 December 2021
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	== General Overview ==		== General Overview ==

-	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme necessary to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes.~~[1]~~ It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.	+	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme necessary to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes.<ref>Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101</ref> It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.

	== Function ==		== Function ==

-	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues won't be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and vice versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a more balanced pH in the blood and increased removal rate of CO2 from tissues by influencing the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.~~[2]~~	+	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues won't be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and vice versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a more balanced pH in the blood and increased removal rate of CO2 from tissues by influencing the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.<ref>How does the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system maintain blood pH? – MVOrganizing https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-the-carbonic-acid-bicarbonate-buffer-system-maintain-blood-ph/#How_does_the_carbonic_acid_bicarbonate_buffer_system_maintain_blood_pH (accessed 2021 -12 -03).</ref>


	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, the beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.~~[3]~~	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, the beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.<ref>Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).</ref>


Line 24:		Line 24:

	== References ==		== References ==
-		+	<references/>
-	~~1. Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146~~/~~annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.~~	+
-		+
-	2. How does the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system maintain blood pH? – MVOrganizing https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-the-carbonic-acid-bicarbonate-buffer-system-maintain-blood-ph/#How_does_the_carbonic_acid_bicarbonate_buffer_system_maintain_blood_pH (accessed 2021 -12 -03).	+
-		+
-	3. Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).	+

Jacob Faro at 02:44, 4 December 2021

Jacob Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 02:44:27 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 4 December 2021
Line 7:		Line 7:
	== General Overview ==		== General Overview ==

-	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme necessary to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes[3]. It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.	+	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme necessary to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes.[1] It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.

	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues won't be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and vice versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a more balanced pH in the blood and increased removal rate of CO2 from tissues by influencing the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.[4]	+
		+	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues won't be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and vice versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a more balanced pH in the blood and increased removal rate of CO2 from tissues by influencing the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.[2]


	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, the beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[5]	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, the beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[3]


Line 23:		Line 24:

	== References ==		== References ==
-	~~<references/>~~	+
-	3. Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.	+	1. Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.
-	4. How does the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system maintain blood pH? – MVOrganizing https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-the-carbonic-acid-bicarbonate-buffer-system-maintain-blood-ph/#How_does_the_carbonic_acid_bicarbonate_buffer_system_maintain_blood_pH (accessed 2021 -12 -03).	+
-	5. Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).	+	2. How does the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system maintain blood pH? – MVOrganizing https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-the-carbonic-acid-bicarbonate-buffer-system-maintain-blood-ph/#How_does_the_carbonic_acid_bicarbonate_buffer_system_maintain_blood_pH (accessed 2021 -12 -03).
		+
		+	3. Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).

Jacob Faro at 02:38, 4 December 2021

Jacob Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 02:38:21 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:38, 4 December 2021
Line 10:		Line 10:

	== Function ==		== Function ==
-	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues ~~wont~~ be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and ~~visa~~ versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a ~~better~~ balanced pH in the blood and ~~influences~~ the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.[4]	+	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues won't be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and vice versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a more balanced pH in the blood and increased removal rate of CO2 from tissues by influencing the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.[4]


	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, ~~The~~ beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[5]	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, the beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[5]

Joshua Faro at 02:26, 4 December 2021

Joshua Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 02:26:13 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:26, 4 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==		==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==
-		+	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' frame='true' side='right' align='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''> />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->
-	-	+
-	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' side='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''>	+
-		+
	</StructureSection></StructureSection></StructureSection>' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->		</StructureSection></StructureSection></StructureSection>' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->
		+

Joshua Faro at 02:12, 4 December 2021

Joshua Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 02:12:01 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:12, 4 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	<~~scene name~~='~~82/824635/Zinc_ion/1~~'~~>Zinc</scene><scene name~~='~~82/824635/Beta_sheets/1~~'~~>beta sheets</scene><~~scene ~~name~~='~~82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1~~'>~~helices</scene>~~	+	==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==
-	~~Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.~~	+
		+	-
		+	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' side='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''>

	</StructureSection></StructureSection></StructureSection>' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->		</StructureSection></StructureSection></StructureSection>' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->

-	==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==
-	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' side='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''>
-	This is a default text for your page ''''''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.
-	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:6430186</ref> to the rescue. ...

	== General Overview ==		== General Overview ==
Line 14:		Line 12:

	== Function ==		== Function ==
-		+	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues wont be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and visa versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a better balanced pH in the blood and influences the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by de-protonating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.[4]
-	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues wont be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and visa versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a better balanced pH in the blood and influences the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by ~~depronating~~ a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.	+
-		+
-	[~~[Image:Example.jpg]~~]	+
-		+
-		+
-		+


	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[4]	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[5]


Line 34:		Line 26:
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
-	3. Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.	+	3. Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.
-	4. Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).	+	4. How does the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system maintain blood pH? – MVOrganizing https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-the-carbonic-acid-bicarbonate-buffer-system-maintain-blood-ph/#How_does_the_carbonic_acid_bicarbonate_buffer_system_maintain_blood_pH (accessed 2021 -12 -03).
		+	5. Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).

Joshua Faro: I

Joshua Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 02:00:25 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:00, 4 December 2021
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-	<scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene><scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene>	+	<scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene><scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene><scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene>
	Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.		Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.

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	== General Overview ==		== General Overview ==

-	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme ~~used~~ to ~~catalyze~~ the ~~conversion~~ of carbon dioxide ~~into~~ carbonic acid ~~then back into carbon dioxide~~. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes[3]. It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.	+	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme necessary to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes[3]. It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.

	== Function ==		== Function ==
		+
		+	Normal cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product. Because of this, there needs to be a mechanism to remove this waste product, or it will accumulate in tissue. If this happens, the tissues wont be able to receive adequate oxygen. This leads to a condition called hypercapnia. Unfortunately, carbon dioxide is difficult to remove without converting it into carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions first. Carbonic anhydrase is used to interconvert water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and visa versa via a hydrolysis reaction. The result of this reaction is a better balanced pH in the blood and influences the transport of CO2 within the blood. Without this enzyme, only 15 percent of carbon dioxide would be removed from the tissues. The zinc ion in the center of this protein helps facilitate the interconversion of carbon to bicarbonate by depronating a water molecule. This results in a nucleophilic water molecule. The nucleophilic water molecule will then attack a carbonyl group on the carbon dioxide, which converts it into carbonic acid. Another reversible reaction can remove a hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid, resulting in a bicarbonate molecule and a free hydrogen atom.
		+
		+	[[Image:Example.jpg]]
		+
		+


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	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a ~~Zn^2+~~ ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a <scene name='82/824635/Zinc_ion/1'>Zinc</scene> ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.[4]



-	== relevance ==

-	== Structural highlights ==

-	This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.

-	</StructureSection>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
-	3.Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.	+	3. Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.
		+	4. Bank, R. P. D. RCSB PDB - 2CAB: STRUCTURE, REFINEMENT AND FUNCTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ISOZYMES. REFINEMENT OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE I https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2CAB (accessed 2021 -12 -03).

Joshua Faro at 00:36, 4 December 2021

Joshua Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 00:36:26 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:36, 4 December 2021
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-	<scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene>	+	<scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene><scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene>
	Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.		Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.

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	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a Zn^2+ ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten beta sheets formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a Zn^2+ ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten <scene name='82/824635/Beta_sheets/1'>beta sheets</scene> formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.

Joshua Faro at 00:27, 4 December 2021

Joshua Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 00:27:28 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:27, 4 December 2021
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-		+	<scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene>
-		+
	Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.		Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.

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	== Structure and Highlights==		== Structure and Highlights==

-	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a Zn^2+ ion. This structure contains five helices with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten beta sheets formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.	+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a Zn^2+ ion. This structure contains five <scene name='82/824635/Alpha_helices_of_2cab/1'>helices</scene> with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten beta sheets formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.

Joshua Faro at 00:12, 4 December 2021

Joshua Faro — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 00:12:09 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:12, 4 December 2021
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-	{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->	+
-	==~~Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')~~==	+
-	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' side='right' caption='~~some type of caption yessuh~~' scene=''>	+	Anything in this section will appear adjacent to the 3D structure and will be scrollable.
		+
		+	</StructureSection></StructureSection></StructureSection>' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />{{Sandbox_Reserved_JMeans}}<!-- PLEASE ADD YOUR CONTENT BELOW HERE -->
		+
		+	==Carbonic Anhydrase 1==
		+	<StructureSection load='2CAB' size='340' side='right' caption=' Human Carbonic Anhydrase I ' scene=''>
	This is a default text for your page ''''''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.		This is a default text for your page ''''''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.
-	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:6430186</ref> to the rescue.	+	You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:6430186</ref> to the rescue. ...
		+
		+	== General Overview ==
		+
		+	Human Carbonic Anhydrase I is an enzyme used to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbonic acid then back into carbon dioxide. According to Supuran CT, Carbonic Anhydrase also plays a key role by providing CO2 transport in the blood, in turn helping respiration processes[3]. It is listed in protein data banks under the ID 2CAB. This protein is produced by the Human CA1 gene. Human Carbonic Anhydrase I was discovered in 1932 and is found within Class One of the three Carbonic Anhydrases. Class one is designated for alpha carbonic anhydrases found in mammals, class two for beta carbonic anhydrases found in plants or bacteria and finally class 3 which is gamma carbonic anhydrases found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. Unlike many enzymes, Human Carbonic Anhydrase I can be found in many different places in the body and perform various tasks.

	== Function ==		== Function ==

-	== ~~Disease~~ ==	+
		+
		+	== Structure and Highlights==
		+
		+	The molecular weight of this structure is 28.85kDa with an atom count of 2,010. There are a total of 260 amino acids in this protein, with the first amino acid in the sequence being alanine and the last being phenylalanine. The first four amino acids are not represented in this model. In the center of this protein is a Zn^2+ ion. This structure contains five helices with a total of 48 amino acids used to form them. They have lengths of approximately 10,8,14,5 and 11 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. There are also ten beta sheets formed with a total of 72 amino acids. They have lengths of 3,8,7,10,9,12,6,6,7 and 4 amino acids in respect to chain-sequential order. The beta sheets of this protein form a majority of the inner bulk. They are aligned in a formation in which they all sit upon a common axis. lastly, The beta sheets twist around the Zn^2+ ion to avoid direct contact.
		+
		+

	== relevance ==		== relevance ==
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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
		+	3.Badger MR, Price GD (1994). "The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 369–392. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101.