Second messengers - Revision history

Alexander Berchansky at 11:48, 27 April 2022

Alexander Berchansky — Wed, 27 Apr 2022 11:48:29 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:48, 27 April 2022
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	<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='Adenylyl_cyclase/Cv/10' caption='Structure of dog adenylyl cyclase 5 (grey), rat adenylyl cyclase 2 (green), bovine guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α (pink) complex with ADP derivative (stick model), GDP derivative (stick model), methylpiperazinoforskolin, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Cl- ions (PDB code [[3maa]]). '>		<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='Adenylyl_cyclase/Cv/10' caption='Structure of dog adenylyl cyclase 5 (grey), rat adenylyl cyclase 2 (green), bovine guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α (pink) complex with ADP derivative (stick model), GDP derivative (stick model), methylpiperazinoforskolin, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Cl- ions (PDB code [[3maa]]). '>
	Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules - the first messengers.		Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules - the first messengers.
		+
		+	''[[cAMP is second messenger]]''
		+	*[[Adenylyl cyclase]] (ADCY, EC number 4.6.1.1), also known as adenylate cyclase, is an enzyme which catalyzes the cyclization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
		+	*[[Catabolite gene activator protein]]
		+	''CAMP-dependent protein kinase''
		+	*[[CAMP-dependent protein kinase]]
		+	*[[CAMP Dependent Protein Kinase, Catalytic Subunit]]
		+	*[[Protein Kinase A]]
		+
		+	''[[IP3 is second messenger]]''
		+	*[[Phospholipase C]] and [[PLC beta 3 Gq]]
		+	Receptors that activate this pathway (Phospholipase C) are mainly [[G protein-coupled receptors]] coupled to the Gαq subunit, including:
		+	*5-HT2 serotonergic receptors ([[5-hydroxytryptamine receptor#Structural highlights/Specific Function of 5-HT2B]]).
		+	*α1 adrenergic receptors
		+	*Calcitonin receptors
		+	*[[Histamine H1 receptor]]. The H1 receptor is a histamine receptor belonging to the family of rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors. The H1 receptor is linked to an intracellular G-protein (Gq) that activates phospholipase C and the inositol triphosphate signaling pathway. When a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor that is coupled to a Gq heterotrimeric G protein, the α-subunit of Gq can bind to and induce activity in the PLC isozyme PLC-β, which results in the cleavage of PIP2 into IP3 and DAG.
		+	*Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 belong to group I and activate phospholipase C. For details see [[Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5]].
		+	*M1, M3, and M5 muscarinic receptors. [[Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors]] (mAChR) contain 5 subtypes M1-M5. Subtypes M1, M3, M5 activate phospholipase C which leads to activation of protein kinase C.
		+	*[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]]

	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

Alexander Berchansky at 11:47, 27 April 2022

Alexander Berchansky — Wed, 27 Apr 2022 11:47:22 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 27 April 2022
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	<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='Adenylyl_cyclase/Cv/10' caption='Structure of dog adenylyl cyclase 5 (grey), rat adenylyl cyclase 2 (green), bovine guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α (pink) complex with ADP derivative (stick model), GDP derivative (stick model), methylpiperazinoforskolin, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Cl- ions (PDB code [[3maa]]). '>		<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='Adenylyl_cyclase/Cv/10' caption='Structure of dog adenylyl cyclase 5 (grey), rat adenylyl cyclase 2 (green), bovine guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α (pink) complex with ADP derivative (stick model), GDP derivative (stick model), methylpiperazinoforskolin, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Cl- ions (PDB code [[3maa]]). '>
-	~~This is a default text for your page '''~~Second messengers~~'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with~~ the ~~< and > signs.~~	+	Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules - the first messengers.
-	~~You may include any references to papers as~~ in~~: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or~~ to ~~the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref>~~ to the ~~rescue.~~	+
-		+
-	~~== Function ==~~	+
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-	~~== Disease ==~~	+
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-	~~== Relevance ==~~	+
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-	~~== Structural highlights ==~~	+
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-	This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.	+

	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

Alexander Berchansky: New page: This is a default text for your page '''Second messengers'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.
You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.

== Function ==

== Disease ==

== Relevance ==

== Structural highlights ==

This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.

</StructureSection>
== References ==
<references/>