YfdX - Revision history

Michal Harel at 08:26, 20 January 2020

Michal Harel — Mon, 20 Jan 2020 08:26:42 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:26, 20 January 2020
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	Typhoid Fever is one of the worst infections to get for it is fatal and is damaging to the body. It is not like most bacterial infections for it as some unique features to it that make it special. It is human- restricted and has a unique Typhoid Toxin with an atypical AB toxin structure, one that has been yet to be seen by any other bacteria. Its two enzymatic A subunits most likely contribute to why it is so virulent. Along with what makes typhoid fever such a harsh disease the protein YfdX is the protein that makes that makes a strain of Salmonella, S. Typhi. YfdX is a product of yfdXWUVE operon which helps the S. Typhi resists acidic conditions. Along with EvgA that controls the YfdX protein. Evg is the response regulator and modulates which encodes a bile salt specific exporter and encodes a multidrug exporter. Lastly the YfdX specific protein STY3178 is present in some multidrug resistant strains of S. Typhi. This gene was specifically looked at to show that it does allow binding of antibiotics. This is important because a multidrug resistant S. Typhi is potentially dangerous and medical professionals need to know what antibiotic to use in a case of Typhoid Fever.		Typhoid Fever is one of the worst infections to get for it is fatal and is damaging to the body. It is not like most bacterial infections for it as some unique features to it that make it special. It is human- restricted and has a unique Typhoid Toxin with an atypical AB toxin structure, one that has been yet to be seen by any other bacteria. Its two enzymatic A subunits most likely contribute to why it is so virulent. Along with what makes typhoid fever such a harsh disease the protein YfdX is the protein that makes that makes a strain of Salmonella, S. Typhi. YfdX is a product of yfdXWUVE operon which helps the S. Typhi resists acidic conditions. Along with EvgA that controls the YfdX protein. Evg is the response regulator and modulates which encodes a bile salt specific exporter and encodes a multidrug exporter. Lastly the YfdX specific protein STY3178 is present in some multidrug resistant strains of S. Typhi. This gene was specifically looked at to show that it does allow binding of antibiotics. This is important because a multidrug resistant S. Typhi is potentially dangerous and medical professionals need to know what antibiotic to use in a case of Typhoid Fever.

		+	==3D structures of YfdX==
		+
		+	Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME\|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}

-		+	[[6a09]], [[6a02]], [[6a07]] – YfdX – ''Salmonella typhi''<br />
-		+	[[6uxt]] – YfdX – ''Shigeella flexneri''<br />
		+	[[3dza]] – YfdX – ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''<br />

	</StructureSection>		</StructureSection>
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
		+
		+	[[Category:Topic Page]]

Erika Cross at 13:56, 3 May 2019

Erika Cross — Fri, 03 May 2019 13:56:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:56, 3 May 2019
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
-	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as ''Salmonella'' and ''E. coli.'' Particularly YfdX is encoded in ''Salmonella enterica serovar typhi'' that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. ''S. ~~Typhi~~'' it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans.'' S typhi'' is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. ''S. typhi'' is 90% homologous to ''S typhimurium'' but ''S. typhimurium'' can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. ''S. typhi'' is unique for a couple of small reasons. First ''S. typhi'' has a large region specific to it, ''Salmonella'' pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to ''S. typhi'' is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.	+	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as ''Salmonella'' and ''E. coli.'' Particularly YfdX is encoded in ''Salmonella enterica serovar typhi'' that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. ''S. typhi'' it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans.'' S typhi'' is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. ''S. typhi'' is 90% homologous to ''S typhimurium'' but ''S. typhimurium'' can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. ''S. typhi'' is unique for a couple of small reasons. First ''S. typhi'' has a large region specific to it, ''Salmonella'' pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to ''S. typhi'' is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.

	== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==		== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==

Erika Cross at 13:55, 3 May 2019

Erika Cross — Fri, 03 May 2019 13:55:37 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:55, 3 May 2019
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
-	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E coli. Particularly YfdX is encoded in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. S. Typhi it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans. S ~~Typhi~~ is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. S. ~~Typhi~~ is 90% homologous to S ~~Typhimurium~~ but S. ~~Typhimurium~~ can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. S. ~~Typhi~~ is unique for a couple of small reasons. First S. ~~Typhi~~ has a large region specific to it, Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to S. ~~Typhi~~ is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.	+	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as ''Salmonella'' and ''E. coli.'' Particularly YfdX is encoded in ''Salmonella enterica serovar typhi'' that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. ''S. Typhi'' it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans.'' S typhi'' is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. ''S. typhi'' is 90% homologous to ''S typhimurium'' but ''S. typhimurium'' can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. ''S. typhi'' is unique for a couple of small reasons. First ''S. typhi'' has a large region specific to it, ''Salmonella'' pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to ''S. typhi'' is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.

	== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==		== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==

Erika Cross at 19:13, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 19:13:40 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 1 May 2019
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
-	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E coli. Particularly YfdX is encoded in Salmonella enterica serovar ~~Typhi~~ that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. S. Typhi it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans. S Typhi is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is 90% homologous to S Typhimurium but S. Typhimurium can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is unique for a couple of small reasons. First S. Typhi has a large region specific to it, Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to S. Typhi is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.	+	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E coli. Particularly YfdX is encoded in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. S. Typhi it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans. S Typhi is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is 90% homologous to S Typhimurium but S. Typhimurium can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is unique for a couple of small reasons. First S. Typhi has a large region specific to it, Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to S. Typhi is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.

	== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==		== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==

Erika Cross at 13:03, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 13:03:41 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 1 May 2019
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
-	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli. Particularly YfdX is encoded in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. S. Typhi it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans. S Typhi is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is 90% homologous to S Typhimurium but S. Typhimurium can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is unique for a couple of small reasons. First S. Typhi has a large region specific to it, Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to S. Typhi is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.	+	<scene name='81/814058/Yfdx/6'>YfdX</scene> is a family protein that is encoded by several pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E coli. Particularly YfdX is encoded in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that causes a fatal disease called Typhoid Fever. Typhoid fever is a disease that can be spread by contaminated food or water and causes symptoms of lasting fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, loss of appetite, constipation and sometimes internal bleeding <ref name=chong>PMID: 28656014</ref>. S. Typhi it is an etiologic agent, the microbial toxin that causes disease in humans. S Typhi is a human restricted disease however, some higher primates can be infected experimentally <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is 90% homologous to S Typhimurium but S. Typhimurium can infect both humans and primates <ref name=chong/>. S. Typhi is unique for a couple of small reasons. First S. Typhi has a large region specific to it, Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 that encodes the viaB locus <ref name=chong/>. This locus consists of ten genes related to the biosynthesis and export of Vi polysaccharides capsule <ref name=chong/>. This involves circumventing Toll-Like Receptors mediated immune surveillance <ref name=chong/>. Another area that is specific to S. Typhi is a small island with a locus encoding five genes <ref name=chong/>. These genes include three typhoid toxins components, a bacteriophage muramidase homolog controlling typhoid toxin secretions and a small gene of unknown function <ref name=chong/>.

	== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==		== Toxicity of Typhoid Toxin ==

Erika Cross at 12:49, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 12:49:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 1 May 2019
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-	<StructureSection load='~~YfdX' size='350' side='right~~' caption='YfdX (PDB code [[~~6A09~~]])' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='6A09' caption='YfdX (PDB code [[6a09]])' scene=''>

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==

Erika Cross at 12:46, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 12:46:11 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 1 May 2019
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-	<StructureSection load='~~2EB1~~' size='350' side='right' caption='~~Human Endoribonuclease Dicer C-terminal complex with Mg+2 ion (green)~~ (PDB code [[~~2eb1~~]])' scene=''>	+	<StructureSection load='YfdX' size='350' side='right' caption='YfdX (PDB code [[6A09]])' scene=''>

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==

Erika Cross at 12:43, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 12:43:20 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:43, 1 May 2019
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		+	<StructureSection load='2EB1' size='350' side='right' caption='Human Endoribonuclease Dicer C-terminal complex with Mg+2 ion (green) (PDB code [[2eb1]])' scene=''>

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==

Erika Cross at 12:41, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 12:41:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 1 May 2019
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-	<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
-

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==

Erika Cross at 12:40, 1 May 2019

Erika Cross — Wed, 01 May 2019 12:40:22 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 1 May 2019
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	<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>		<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
-	~~You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.~~	+

	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==