Thioredoxin Reductase

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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Human Thioredoxin reductase dimer (cyan, green) complex with thioredoxin (yellow, pink), glycerol and FAD (PDB entry [[3qfa]])' scene='43/433123/Cv/2'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Human Thioredoxin reductase dimer (cyan, green) complex with thioredoxin (yellow, pink), glycerol and FAD (PDB entry [[3qfa]])' scene='43/433123/Cv/2'>
== Function ==
== Function ==
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[[Thioredoxin Reductase]] (TrxR) is an enzyme which reduces thioredoxin using NADPH<ref>PMID:11012661</ref>. '''TrxR-2''' is mitochondrial. For more details see [[User:Sarah Abdalla/Thioredoxin Reductase]].
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[[Thioredoxin Reductase]] or '''glutaredoxin domain-containing protein''' (TrxR) is an enzyme which reduces thioredoxin using NADPH<ref>PMID:11012661</ref>. '''TrxR-1''' is cystolic while '''TrxR-2''' is mitochondrial. '''TrxR-3''' is highly expressed in testis. For more details see:
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*[[User:Sarah Abdalla/Thioredoxin Reductase]]
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*[[Glucocorticoids]]
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*[[Steroid Hormones and their receptors]]
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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TrxR and Trx form an <scene name='43/433123/Cv/3'>intramolecular Cys-Cys bond</scene><ref>PMID:21750537</ref>. <scene name='43/433123/Cv/5'>FAD binding site</scene>. Water molecules shown as red spheres.
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TrxR and Trx form an <scene name='43/433123/Cv/6'>intramolecular Cys-Cys bond</scene><ref>PMID:21750537</ref>. <scene name='43/433123/Cv/7'>FAD binding site</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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== 3D Structures of Thioredoxin Reductase ==
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[[Thioredoxin reductase 3D structures]]
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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== 3D Structures of Thioredoxin Reductase ==
 
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
 
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
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*Thioredoxin reductase apo
 
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**[[4ccr]] - EhTrxR - ''Entamoeba histolytica''<br />
 
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**[[5utx]] – VvTrxR – ''Vibrio vulnificus''<br />
 
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**[[5c04]], [[5id2]], [[4x0x]], [[4x1u]] – MtTrxR - ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
 
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**[[3r9u]] – TrxR – ''Campylobacter jejuni''<br />
 
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**[[4zn0]] – TrxR – ''Methanosarcina mazei''<br />
 
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**[[4xrd]], [[4xs1]], [[4xs4]], [[4xs6]], [[5uka]], [[4xts]], [[4xra]] – TrxR (mutant) – ''Salmonella enterica''<br />
 
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**[[6bwt]] – TrxR - ''Francisella tularensis''<br />
 
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*Thioredoxin reductase complex with FAD
 
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**[[1cl0]], [[1tde]], [[1trb]], [[4o5q]], [[4o5u]] – EcTrxR+FAD – ''Eschericia coli''<br />
 
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**[[1vdc]] – TrxR+FAD – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
 
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**[[3cty]] - TrxR+FAD – ''Thermoplasma acidophilum''<br />
 
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**[[2zbw]] – TrxR + FAD – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
 
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**[[5j60]] – TrxR + FAD – ''Gloeobacter violaceus''<br />
 
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**[[3ish]] - HpTrxR+FAD - ''Helicobacter pylori''<br />
 
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**[[2q7v]] - TrxR+FAD – ''Deinococcus radiodurans''<br />
 
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**[[4b1b]] - PfTrxR+FAD – ''Plasmodium falciparum''<br />
 
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**[[4jnq]] – TrxR + FDA – ''Brucella melitensis''<br />
 
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**[[4ntd]] – TrxR + FDA + glutathione – ''Steptomyces clavuligerus''<br />
 
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**[[5m5j]] – TrxR + FAD – ''Giardia duodenalis''<br />
 
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**[[5uth]] – TrxR + FAD – ''Mycobacterium smegmatis''<br />
 
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**[[5uwy]] – TrxR + FAD – ''Streptococcus pyogenes''<br />
 
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**[[5uwy]] – TrxR + FAD – ''Cypptococcus neoformans''<br />
 
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*Thioredoxin reductase complex with FAD and NADP
 
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**[[1tdf]] - EcTrxR+FAD+NADPH<br />
 
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**[[1f6m]] - EcTrxR (mutant)+Trx-1+FAD+AADPH<br />
 
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**[[1h6v]] – rTrxR (mutant)+FAD+NADPH – rat<br />
 
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**[[2a87]] - MtTrxR+FAD+NADPH <br />
 
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**[[3d8x]] - yTrxR+FAD+NADPH - yeast<br />
 
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**[[2nvk]] - DmTrxR+FAD+NADPH – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
 
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**[[2q0k]], [[2q0l]] - HpTrxR+FAD+NADPH <br />
 
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**[[4a5l]], [[4up3]], [[4cbq]] - EhTrxR+FAD+NADPH <br />
 
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**[[4a65]] - EhTrxR+FAD+NADPH + Au<br />
 
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**[[4ccq]] - EhTrxR+NADPH<br />
 
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**[[4gcm]] - SaTrxR+FAD+NADPH – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
 
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**[[5mh4]], [[5mjk]], [[5mip]], [[5miq]], [[5mir]], [[5mis]], [[5mit]] – TrxR + FAD + NAPD – ''Lactococcus lactis''<br />
 
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**[[5usx]], [[5vt3]] – VvTrxR + FAD + NAPD <br />
 
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*Thioredoxin reductase 1
 
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**[[2cfy]] – hTrxR-1+FAD – human<br />
 
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**[[2zz0]], [[2zzb]], [[2zzc]] – hTrxR-1 (mutant)+FAD<br />
 
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**[[2j3n]] – hTrxR-1+FAD+NADPH<br />
 
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**[[3qfa]], [[3qfb]] - hTrxR-1 (mutant) +FAD+ Trx<br />
 
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**[[3itj]] – yTrxR-1+FAD <br />
 
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**[[3dh9]], [[3dgh]] – DmTrxR-1+FAD<br />
 
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**[[4kpr]] - rTrxR-1 +FAD<br />
 
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**[[3ean]], [[3eao]] – rTrxR-1+FAD+NADPH
 
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*Thioredoxin reductase 2
 
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**[[1zdl]], [[1zkq]] – mTrxR-2+FAD+NADPH – mouse<br />
 
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**[[3dgz]] – mTrxR-2 + FAD<br />
 
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**[[6a4j]] – SaTrxR-2 + FAD<br />
 
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**[[2whd]] – TrxR-2+FAD – ''Hordeum vulgare''<br />
 
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**[[4j56]], [[4j57]] - PfTrxR-2 (mutant) + Trx (mutant) +FAD<br />
 
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**[[4owy]] – yTrxR-2 <br />
 
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*Thioredoxin reductase 3
 
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**[[3f8d]], [[3f8p]], [[3f8r]] – TrxR-3 (mutant)+FAD – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
 
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**[[3h8q]] – hTrxR-3 glutaredoxin domain<br />
 
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**[[2lv3]] - mTrxR-3 glutaredoxin domain<br />
 
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}}
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Human Thioredoxin reductase dimer (cyan, green) complex with thioredoxin (yellow, pink), glycerol and FAD (PDB entry 3qfa)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Arner ES, Holmgren A. Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(20):6102-9. PMID:11012661
  2. ↑ Prasad R, Chan LF, Hughes CR, Kaski JP, Kowalczyk JC, Savage MO, Peters CJ, Nathwani N, Clark AJ, Storr HL, Metherell LA. Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2) mutation associated with familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Aug;99(8):E1556-63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3844. Epub, 2014 Mar 6. PMID:24601690 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3844
  3. ↑ Fritz-Wolf K, Kehr S, Stumpf M, Rahlfs S, Becker K. Crystal structure of the human thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin complex. Nat Commun. 2011 Jul 12;2:383. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1382. PMID:21750537 doi:10.1038/ncomms1382

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