One-carbon metabolism

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This article is a work in process during the Spring 2022 semester.

One-carbon metabolism refers to biochemical pathways that transfer a single carbon. Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes using cofactors or prosthetic groups such as S-adenosyl methionine, tetrahydrofolate, cobalamin or biotin, many of which are vitamin-derived[1]. The transfered carbon may have various oxidation states and end up as different functional groups such as methyl, methenyl, formyl, or carboxylate. One-carbon transfer reactions play a role in amino acid and nucleid acid biosynthesis, in epigenetics and cellular redox status [2].

Contents

Overview

The picture below shows an overview of the metabolites (squares) and enzymes (ovals) of the one-carbon metabolism. You can hover over and click on selected metabolites and enzymes to learn more about individual parts of the pathway.

SAM synthetaseDihyddrofolate reductaseThymidylate synthaseSerine hydroxymethyltransferaseMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductaseCategory:TetrahydrofolateCategory:S-adenosyl-l-methionineCategory:S-adenosyl-homocysteineCategory:HomocysteineCategory:DihydrofolateUser:Kia Yang/MSAmino AcidsHttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levomefolic acid5,10-MethylenetetrahydrofolateHttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-Formyltetrahydrofolate5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate
one-carbon metabolismAbout this image

Folate cycle

Methionine cycle

Sources of carbon

Destinations of carbon

Further reading

  • Origin of methyl groups in the pathway[3]
  • Cell cycle regulation [4]
  • Epigenetics [5]
  • Vision changes after spaceflight[6]

References

  1. ↑ Li K, Wahlqvist ML, Li D. Nutrition, One-Carbon Metabolism and Neural Tube Defects: A Review. Nutrients. 2016 Nov 23;8(11). pii: nu8110741. doi: 10.3390/nu8110741. PMID:27886045 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8110741
  2. ↑ Ducker GS, Rabinowitz JD. One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease. Cell Metab. 2017 Jan 10;25(1):27-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.009. Epub 2016, Sep 15. PMID:27641100 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.009
  3. ↑ Locasale JW. Serine, glycine and one-carbon units: cancer metabolism in full circle. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013 Aug;13(8):572-83. doi: 10.1038/nrc3557. Epub 2013 Jul 4. PMID:23822983 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc3557
  4. ↑ Lan X, Field MS, Stover PJ. Cell cycle regulation of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2018 Nov;10(6):e1426. doi:, 10.1002/wsbm.1426. Epub 2018 Jun 11. PMID:29889360 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1426
  5. ↑ Friso S, Udali S, De Santis D, Choi SW. One-carbon metabolism and epigenetics. Mol Aspects Med. 2017 Apr;54:28-36. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Nov, 19. PMID:27876555 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.007
  6. ↑ Zwart SR, Gibson CR, Mader TH, Ericson K, Ploutz-Snyder R, Heer M, Smith SM. Vision changes after spaceflight are related to alterations in folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent one-carbon metabolism. J Nutr. 2012 Mar;142(3):427-31. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.154245. Epub 2012 Feb 1. PMID:22298570 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.154245

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