Structural highlights
Disease
CO5_HUMAN Defects in C5 are the cause of complement component 5 deficiency (C5D) [MIM:609536. A rare defect of the complement classical pathway associated with susceptibility to severe recurrent infections, predominantly by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis. Note=An association study of C5 haplotypes and genotypes in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection shows that individuals homozygous for the C5_1 haplotype have a significantly higher stage of liver fibrosis than individuals carrying at least 1 other allele (PubMed:15995705).
Function
CO5_HUMAN Activation of C5 by a C5 convertase initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the membrane attack complex. C5b has a transient binding site for C6. The C5b-C6 complex is the foundation upon which the lytic complex is assembled. Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C5, C5 anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces the contraction of smooth muscle, increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. C5a also stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (chemokinesis) and direct their migration toward sites of inflammation (chemotaxis).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Activation of complement C5 generates the potent anaphylatoxin C5a and leads to pathogen lysis, inflammation and cell damage. The therapeutic potential of C5 inhibition has been demonstrated by eculizumab, one of the world's most expensive drugs. However, the mechanism of C5 activation by C5 convertases remains elusive, thus limiting development of therapeutics. Here we identify and characterize a new protein family of tick-derived C5 inhibitors. Structures of C5 in complex with the new inhibitors, the phase I and phase II inhibitor OmCI, or an eculizumab Fab reveal three distinct binding sites on C5 that all prevent activation of C5. The positions of the inhibitor-binding sites and the ability of all three C5-inhibitor complexes to competitively inhibit the C5 convertase conflict with earlier steric-inhibition models, thus suggesting that a priming event is needed for activation.
Structural basis for therapeutic inhibition of complement C5.,Jore MM, Johnson S, Sheppard D, Barber NM, Li YI, Nunn MA, Elmlund H, Lea SM Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2016 May;23(5):378-86. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3196. Epub 2016 Mar, 28. PMID:27018802[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Jore MM, Johnson S, Sheppard D, Barber NM, Li YI, Nunn MA, Elmlund H, Lea SM. Structural basis for therapeutic inhibition of complement C5. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2016 May;23(5):378-86. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3196. Epub 2016 Mar, 28. PMID:27018802 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3196
