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Endonuclease

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E. coli EcoRV endonuclease dimer (magenta, green) complex with DNA, (PDB code 1rva)

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1 Function
2 Relevance
3 Disease
4 Structural highlights
5 3D structures of endonuclease

Function

Endonuclease (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. ENN-I operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while ENN-II operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility. These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN^[1].
The Cas ENN proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool^[2]. For more details see

CRISPR-Cas
CRISPR type I-A (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-A
CRISPR type I-B (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-B
CRISPR type I-C (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-C
CRISPR type I-E (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-E
(CRISPR type I-F (Csy1, Csy2, Csy3) - see CRISPR subtype I-F
CRISPR type III-A (Csm complex) - see CRISPR subtype III-A (Csm complex)
CRISPR type II-A - see CRISPR-Cas9
CRISPR type V (Cpf1, C2c1, C2c3) - see CRISPR type V
CRISPR type VI (Cas13a (previously known as C2c2), Cas13b, Cas13c, Cas13d) - see CRISPR type VI

Intron-encoded ENN or homing ENN are encoded by genes with mobile, self-splicing introns. They promote the movement of DNA sequences from one chromosome location to another^[3].
See also

Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1
For EcoRV ENN see Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-3
For NEI ENN see DNA repair protein human endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1).

Relevance

Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutation in the recognition site of MstII ENN.

Disease

Mutation in UV-specific ENN causes Xeroderma pigmentosa. Mutations in tRNA-splicing ENN cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia.

Structural highlights

(PDB code 1rva).

3D structures of endonuclease

Endonuclease 3D structures

References

↑ Nishino T, Morikawa K. Structure and function of nucleases in DNA repair: shape, grip and blade of the DNA scissors. Oncogene. 2002 Dec 16;21(58):9022-32. PMID:12483517 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206135
↑ Horvath P, Barrangou R. CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1179555. PMID:20056882 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1179555
↑ Flick KE, Jurica MS, Monnat RJ Jr, Stoddard BL. DNA binding and cleavage by the nuclear intron-encoded homing endonuclease I-PpoI. Nature. 1998 Jul 2;394(6688):96-101. PMID:9665136 doi:10.1038/27952

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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Categories: Topic Page | Endonuclease

Endonuclease

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Contents

Function

Relevance

Disease

Structural highlights

3D structures of endonuclease

References

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