2pta
From Proteopedia
(New page: 200px<br /><applet load="2pta" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" caption="2pta" /> '''PANDINUS TOXIN K-A (PITX-KA) FROM PANDINUS I...) |
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| - | [[Image:2pta.jpg|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="2pta" size=" | + | [[Image:2pta.jpg|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="2pta" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" |
caption="2pta" /> | caption="2pta" /> | ||
'''PANDINUS TOXIN K-A (PITX-KA) FROM PANDINUS IMPERATOR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES'''<br /> | '''PANDINUS TOXIN K-A (PITX-KA) FROM PANDINUS IMPERATOR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES'''<br /> | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
| - | PiTX-K alpha, a 35-residue peptide recently isolated from the venom of | + | PiTX-K alpha, a 35-residue peptide recently isolated from the venom of Pandinus imperator, blocks the rapidly inactivating (A-type) K+ channel(s) in rat brain synaptosomes and the cloned Kv 1.2 potassium channel at very low toxin concentrations (6 nM and 32 pM, respectively) [Rogowski, R. S., Collins, J. H., O'Neil, T. J., Gustafson, T. A., Werkman, T. A., Rogawski, M. A., Tenenholz, T. C., Weber, D. J., & Blaustein, M. P. (1996) Mol. Pharmacol. 50, 1167-1177]. The three-dimensional structure of PiTX-K alpha was determined using NMR spectroscopy in order to understand its selectivity and affinity toward K+ channels. PiTX-K alpha was found to have an alpha-helix from residues 10 to 21 and two beta-strands (betaI, 26-28; betaII, 33-35) connected by a type II beta-turn to form a small antiparallel beta-sheet. Three disulfide bonds, which are conserved in all members of the charybdotoxin family (alpha-K toxins), anchor one face of the alpha-helix to the beta-sheet. The N-terminal portion of PiTX-K alpha has three fewer residues than other alpha-K toxins such as charybdotoxin. Rather than forming a third beta-strand as found for other alpha-K toxins, the N-terminal region of PiTX-K alpha adopts an extended conformation. This structural difference in PiTX-K alpha together with differences in sequence at Pro-10, Tyr-14, and Asn-25 (versus Ser-10, Trp-14, and Arg-25 in CTX) may explain why PiTX-K alpha does not block maxi-K+ channels. Differences in three-dimensional structure between PiTX-K alpha and charybdotoxin are also observed in both the tight turn and the loop that connects the first beta-strand to the alpha-helix. As a result, side chains of two residues (Tyr-23 and Arg-31) are in regions of PiTX-K alpha that probably interact with rapidly inactivating A-type K+ channels. The analogous residues in charybdotoxin are positioned differently on the toxin surface. Thus, the locations of Tyr-23 and Arg-31 side chains in PiTX-K alpha could explain why this toxin blocks A-type channels at much lower concentrations than does charybdotoxin. |
==About this Structure== | ==About this Structure== | ||
| - | 2PTA is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandinus_imperator Pandinus imperator]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http:// | + | 2PTA is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandinus_imperator Pandinus imperator]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2PTA OCA]. |
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
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[[Category: Pandinus imperator]] | [[Category: Pandinus imperator]] | ||
[[Category: Single protein]] | [[Category: Single protein]] | ||
| - | [[Category: Blaustein, M | + | [[Category: Blaustein, M P.]] |
| - | [[Category: Collins, J | + | [[Category: Collins, J H.]] |
| - | [[Category: Rogowski, R | + | [[Category: Rogowski, R S.]] |
| - | [[Category: Tenenholz, T | + | [[Category: Tenenholz, T C.]] |
| - | [[Category: Weber, D | + | [[Category: Weber, D J.]] |
[[Category: alpha-k toxin family]] | [[Category: alpha-k toxin family]] | ||
[[Category: neurotoxin]] | [[Category: neurotoxin]] | ||
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[[Category: scorpion toxin]] | [[Category: scorpion toxin]] | ||
| - | ''Page seeded by [http:// | + | ''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Feb 21 18:32:50 2008'' |
Revision as of 16:32, 21 February 2008
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PANDINUS TOXIN K-A (PITX-KA) FROM PANDINUS IMPERATOR, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES
Overview
PiTX-K alpha, a 35-residue peptide recently isolated from the venom of Pandinus imperator, blocks the rapidly inactivating (A-type) K+ channel(s) in rat brain synaptosomes and the cloned Kv 1.2 potassium channel at very low toxin concentrations (6 nM and 32 pM, respectively) [Rogowski, R. S., Collins, J. H., O'Neil, T. J., Gustafson, T. A., Werkman, T. A., Rogawski, M. A., Tenenholz, T. C., Weber, D. J., & Blaustein, M. P. (1996) Mol. Pharmacol. 50, 1167-1177]. The three-dimensional structure of PiTX-K alpha was determined using NMR spectroscopy in order to understand its selectivity and affinity toward K+ channels. PiTX-K alpha was found to have an alpha-helix from residues 10 to 21 and two beta-strands (betaI, 26-28; betaII, 33-35) connected by a type II beta-turn to form a small antiparallel beta-sheet. Three disulfide bonds, which are conserved in all members of the charybdotoxin family (alpha-K toxins), anchor one face of the alpha-helix to the beta-sheet. The N-terminal portion of PiTX-K alpha has three fewer residues than other alpha-K toxins such as charybdotoxin. Rather than forming a third beta-strand as found for other alpha-K toxins, the N-terminal region of PiTX-K alpha adopts an extended conformation. This structural difference in PiTX-K alpha together with differences in sequence at Pro-10, Tyr-14, and Asn-25 (versus Ser-10, Trp-14, and Arg-25 in CTX) may explain why PiTX-K alpha does not block maxi-K+ channels. Differences in three-dimensional structure between PiTX-K alpha and charybdotoxin are also observed in both the tight turn and the loop that connects the first beta-strand to the alpha-helix. As a result, side chains of two residues (Tyr-23 and Arg-31) are in regions of PiTX-K alpha that probably interact with rapidly inactivating A-type K+ channels. The analogous residues in charybdotoxin are positioned differently on the toxin surface. Thus, the locations of Tyr-23 and Arg-31 side chains in PiTX-K alpha could explain why this toxin blocks A-type channels at much lower concentrations than does charybdotoxin.
About this Structure
2PTA is a Single protein structure of sequence from Pandinus imperator. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
Reference
Solution structure for Pandinus toxin K-alpha (PiTX-K alpha), a selective blocker of A-type potassium channels., Tenenholz TC, Rogowski RS, Collins JH, Blaustein MP, Weber DJ, Biochemistry. 1997 Mar 11;36(10):2763-71. PMID:9062103
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