Aldolase

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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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===Fructose–1,6-bisphosphate aldolase===
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*Fructose–1,6-bisphosphate aldolase
-
[[1ojx]], [[1ok6]] – TptFBPA – ''Thermoproteus tenax''<br />
+
**[[1ojx]], [[1ok6]] – TptFBPA – ''Thermoproteus tenax''<br />
-
[[3qrh]] – EncFBPA – ''Encephalitozoon cuniculi''<br />
+
**[[3qrh]] – EncFBPA – ''Encephalitozoon cuniculi''<br />
-
[[3qm3]] - FBPA – ''Campylobacter jejuni''<br />
+
**[[3qm3]] - FBPA – ''Campylobacter jejuni''<br />
-
[[3q94]] – FBPA – ''Bacullus anthracis''<br />
+
**[[3q94]] – FBPA – ''Bacullus anthracis''<br />
-
[[3c4u]]– HpFBPA – ''Helicobacter pylori''<br />
+
**[[3c4u]] – HpFBPA – ''Helicobacter pylori''<br />
-
[[1zah]], [[1fdj]], [[1ewd]], [[1ewe]], [[1ex5]], [[1ado]] - rFBPA – rabbit<br />
+
**[[1zah]], [[1fdj]], [[1ewd]], [[1ewe]], [[1ex5]], [[1ado]] - rFBPA – rabbit<br />
-
[[3dfn]], [[3dfp]], [[3dfq]], [[3dft]], [[2bv4]], [[3b8d]], [[3bv4]] – rFBPA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[3dfn]], [[3dfp]], [[3dfq]], [[3dft]], [[2bv4]], [[3b8d]], [[3bv4]] – rFBPA (mutant)<br />
-
[[3kx6]] – FBPA – ''Babesia bovis''<br />
+
**[[3kx6]] – FBPA – ''Babesia bovis''<br />
-
[[3gak]] – GiFBPA – ''Giardia intestinalis''<br />
+
**[[3gak]] – GiFBPA – ''Giardia intestinalis''<br />
-
[[3ekl]], [[3ekz]], [[4def]], [[4del]] – MtFBPA – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
+
**[[3ekl]], [[3ekz]], [[4def]], [[4del]] – MtFBPA – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
-
[[2qap]], [[1epx]] – LmFBPA – ''Leishmania mexicana''<br />
+
**[[2qap]], [[1epx]] – LmFBPA – ''Leishmania mexicana''<br />
-
[[1a5c]] – PfFBPA – ''Plasmodium falciparum''<br />
+
**[[1a5c]] – PfFBPA – ''Plasmodium falciparum''<br />
-
[[2iqt]] – FBPA – ''Porphyromonas gingivalis''<br />
+
**[[2iqt]] – FBPA – ''Porphyromonas gingivalis''<br />
-
[[2fjk]] – FBPA – ''Thermus caldophilus''<br />
+
**[[2fjk]] – FBPA – ''Thermus caldophilus''<br />
-
[[1xfb]], [[1qo5]], [[2ald]], [[1ald]] – hFBPA – human<br />
+
**[[1xfb]], [[1qo5]], [[2ald]], [[1ald]] – hFBPA – human<br />
-
[[1xdl]], [[1xdm]] – hFBPA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[1xdl]], [[1xdm]] – hFBPA (mutant)<br />
-
[[1gyn]], [[1l6w]], [[1dos]], [[1zen]] – EcFBPA - ''Escherichia coli''<br />
+
**[[1gyn]], [[1l6w]], [[1dos]], [[1zen]] – EcFBPA - ''Escherichia coli''<br />
-
[[1f2j]] – FBPA – ''Trypanosoma brucei''<br />
+
**[[1f2j]] – FBPA – ''Trypanosoma brucei''<br />
-
[[1fba]] – FBPA – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
+
**[[1fba]] – FBPA – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
-
[[3t2b]] – TnFBPA – ''Thermoproteus neutrophilus''<br />
+
**[[3t2b]] – TnFBPA – ''Thermoproteus neutrophilus''<br />
-
[[4moz]] – FBPA – ''Slackia heliotrinireducens''<br />
+
**[[4moz]] – FBPA – ''Slackia heliotrinireducens''<br />
-
''FBPA binary complex''
+
*FBPA binary complex
-
[[2yce]], [[1ok4]] – TptFBPA + reaction intermediate<br />
+
**[[2yce]], [[1ok4]] – TptFBPA + reaction intermediate<br />
-
[[1w8s]] – TptFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[1w8s]] – TptFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[3mbd]] – EncFBPA + phosphate<br />
+
**[[3mbd]] – EncFBPA + phosphate<br />
-
[[3mbf]] - EncFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[3mbf]] - EncFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[3n9r]], [[3n9s]], [[3c52]], [[3c56]] - HpFBPA + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[3n9r]], [[3n9s]], [[3c52]], [[3c56]] - HpFBPA + inhibitor<br />
-
[[3mmt]] – FBPA + FBP – ''Bartonella henselae''<br />
+
**[[3mmt]] – FBPA + FBP – ''Bartonella henselae''<br />
-
[[1zai]] - rFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[1zai]] - rFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[6ald]] - rFBPA (mutant) + FBP<br />
+
**[[6ald]] - rFBPA (mutant) + FBP<br />
-
[[2quv]] - rFBPA + phosphate<br />
+
**[[2quv]] - rFBPA + phosphate<br />
-
[[2qut]] - rFBPA + reaction intermediate<br />
+
**[[2qut]] - rFBPA + reaction intermediate<br />
-
[[3dfo]], [[3dfs]], [[2quu]] - rFBPA (mutant) + reaction intermediate<br />
+
**[[3dfo]], [[3dfs]], [[2quu]] - rFBPA (mutant) + reaction intermediate<br />
-
[[1j4e]] - rFBPA (mutant) + substrate<br />
+
**[[1j4e]] - rFBPA (mutant) + substrate<br />
-
[[2ot0]] – rFBPA + Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein C-terminal<br />
+
**[[2ot0]] – rFBPA + Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein C-terminal<br />
-
[[2ot1]], [[1zaj]], [[1zal]], [[3tu9]] – rFBPA + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[2ot1]], [[1zaj]], [[1zal]], [[3tu9]] – rFBPA + inhibitor<br />
-
[[3lge]] – rFBPA + Sorting Nexin-9<br />
+
**[[3lge]] – rFBPA + Sorting Nexin-9<br />
-
[[3gay]] – GiFBPA + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[3gay]] – GiFBPA + inhibitor<br />
-
[[3gb6]] – GiFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[3gb6]] – GiFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[2isv]], [[2isw]] - GiFBPA + oxamate<br />
+
**[[2isv]], [[2isw]] - GiFBPA + oxamate<br />
-
[[3elf]] – MtFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[3elf]] – MtFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[4a21]] – MtFBPA + sulfate<br />
+
**[[4a21]] – MtFBPA + sulfate<br />
-
[[4a22]] – MtFBPA + hydroxamate BP<br />
+
**[[4a22]] – MtFBPA + hydroxamate BP<br />
-
[[4lv4]] - MtFBPA + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[4lv4]] - MtFBPA + inhibitor<br />
-
[[2qdg]] - LmFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[2qdg]] - LmFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[2qdh]] – LmFBPA + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[2qdh]] – LmFBPA + inhibitor<br />
-
[[2eph]], [[2pc4]] – PfFBPA + BPTRAP C-terminal<br />
+
**[[2eph]], [[2pc4]] – PfFBPA + BPTRAP C-terminal<br />
-
[[4ald]] – hFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[4ald]] – hFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[1rv8]], [[1rvg]] – FBPA + metal – ''Thermus aquaticus''<br />
+
**[[1rv8]], [[1rvg]] – FBPA + metal – ''Thermus aquaticus''<br />
-
[[1b57]] – EcFBPA + oxamate<br />
+
**[[1b57]] – EcFBPA + oxamate<br />
-
[[3t2c]] – TnFBPA + dihydroxyacetonephosphate<br />
+
**[[3t2c]] – TnFBPA + dihydroxyacetonephosphate<br />
-
[[3t2g]] – TnFBPA (mutant) + dihydroxyacetonephosphate<br />
+
**[[3t2g]] – TnFBPA (mutant) + dihydroxyacetonephosphate<br />
-
[[3t2d]] – TnFBPA + FBP<br />
+
**[[3t2d]] – TnFBPA + FBP<br />
-
[[3t2e]] – TnFBPA + F6P<br />
+
**[[3t2e]] – TnFBPA + F6P<br />
-
[[3t2f]] – TnFBPA + EDTA + dihydroxyacetonephosphate
+
**[[3t2f]] – TnFBPA + EDTA + dihydroxyacetonephosphate
-
===Tagatose–1,6-bisphosphate aldolase===
+
*Tagatose–1,6-bisphosphate aldolase
-
[[3myo]], [[3myp]], [[3mhf]], [[3jrk]] – SpTBPA – ''Streptococcus pyogenes''<br />
+
**[[3myo]], [[3myp]], [[3mhf]], [[3jrk]] – SpTBPA – ''Streptococcus pyogenes''<br />
-
[[3iv3]] - TBPA – ''Streptococcus mutans''<br />
+
**[[3iv3]] - TBPA – ''Streptococcus mutans''<br />
-
[[3mhg]] - SpTBPA + reaction intermediate<br />
+
**[[3mhg]] - SpTBPA + reaction intermediate<br />
-
[[3kao]] – SaTBPA – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
+
**[[3kao]] – SaTBPA – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
-
[[1gvf]] - EcTBPA<br />
+
**[[1gvf]] - EcTBPA<br />
-
===Fuculose–1-phosphate aldolase===
+
*Fuculose–1-phosphate aldolase
-
[[2opi]] – FPA – ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron''<br />
+
**[[2opi]] – FPA – ''Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron''<br />
-
[[2flf]], [[2fk5]] – TtFPA - ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
+
**[[2flf]], [[2fk5]] – TtFPA - ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
-
[[1fua]], [[2fua]], [[3fua]] – EcFPA<br />
+
**[[1fua]], [[2fua]], [[3fua]] – EcFPA<br />
-
[[1e46]], [[1e47]], [[1e48]], [[1e49]], [[1e4a]], [[1e4b]], [[1e4c]], [[1dzu]], [[1dzw]], [[1dzx]], [[1dzy]], [[1dzz]], [[1dzv]] – EcFPA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[1e46]], [[1e47]], [[1e48]], [[1e49]], [[1e4a]], [[1e4b]], [[1e4c]], [[1dzu]], [[1dzw]], [[1dzx]], [[1dzy]], [[1dzz]], [[1dzv]] – EcFPA (mutant)<br />
-
[[4fua]] – EcFPA + oxamate<br />
+
**[[4fua]] – EcFPA + oxamate<br />
-
[[4c24]] ,[[4c25]] – SpFPA - ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''<br />
+
**[[4c24]] ,[[4c25]] – SpFPA - ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''<br />
-
===Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase===
+
*Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase
-
[[3r12]], [[3r13]], [[1pvt]], [[1o0y]] – TmDERA – ''Thermotoga maritima''<br />
+
**[[3r12]], [[3r13]], [[1pvt]], [[1o0y]] – TmDERA – ''Thermotoga maritima''<br />
-
[[3ndo]] – MsDERA – ''Mycobacterium smegmatis''<br />
+
**[[3ndo]] – MsDERA – ''Mycobacterium smegmatis''<br />
-
[[3ng3]] – MsDERA + aldehyde<br />
+
**[[3ng3]] – MsDERA + aldehyde<br />
-
[[2a4a]] – DERA – ''Plasmodium yoelii''<br />
+
**[[2a4a]] – DERA – ''Plasmodium yoelii''<br />
-
[[1vcv]] – DERA – ''Pyrobaculum aerophilum''<br />
+
**[[1vcv]] – DERA – ''Pyrobaculum aerophilum''<br />
-
[[1p1x]], [[1ktn]], [[3npu]], [[3npv]], [[3npw]], [[3npx]], [[3nq2]], [[3nq8]], [[3nqv]], [[3nr0]], [[3q2d]] – EcDERA<br />
+
**[[1p1x]], [[1ktn]], [[3npu]], [[3npv]], [[3npw]], [[3npx]], [[3nq2]], [[3nq8]], [[3nqv]], [[3nr0]], [[3q2d]] – EcDERA<br />
-
[[1jcj]], [[1jcl]] – EcDERA (mutant) + reaction intermediate<br />
+
**[[1jcj]], [[1jcl]] – EcDERA (mutant) + reaction intermediate<br />
-
[[1n7k]] – ApDERA – ''Aeropyrum pernix''<br />
+
**[[1n7k]] – ApDERA – ''Aeropyrum pernix''<br />
-
[[1mzh]] – AaDERA - ''Aquifex aeolicus''<br />
+
**[[1mzh]] – AaDERA - ''Aquifex aeolicus''<br />
-
[[3ngj]] – DERA – ''Entamoeba histolytica''<br />
+
**[[3ngj]] – DERA – ''Entamoeba histolytica''<br />
-
===Dehydroneopterin aldolase===
+
*Dehydroneopterin aldolase
-
[[3r2e]] – DHNPA – ''Yersinia pestis''<br />
+
**[[3r2e]] – DHNPA – ''Yersinia pestis''<br />
-
[[2cg8]] – SpDHNPA <br />
+
**[[2cg8]] – SpDHNPA <br />
-
[[2o90]] – EcDHNPA + neopterin<br />
+
**[[2o90]] – EcDHNPA + neopterin<br />
-
[[2nm2]], [[2nm3]], [[1u68]], [[2dhn]] - SaDHNPA + neopterin<br />
+
**[[2nm2]], [[2nm3]], [[1u68]], [[2dhn]] - SaDHNPA + neopterin<br />
-
[[1rri]], [[1rrw]], [[1rry]], [[1rs2]], [[1rs4]], [[1rsd]], [[1rsi]], [[1dhn]] - SaDHNPA + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[1rri]], [[1rrw]], [[1rry]], [[1rs2]], [[1rs4]], [[1rsd]], [[1rsi]], [[1dhn]] - SaDHNPA + inhibitor<br />
-
[[1z9w]] – MtDHNPA<br />
+
**[[1z9w]] – MtDHNPA<br />
-
[[1sql]] – DHNPA + guanine – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
+
**[[1sql]] – DHNPA + guanine – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
-
[[3v9o]] - DHNPA + guanine – ''Burkholderia thailandensis''
+
**[[3v9o]] - DHNPA + guanine – ''Burkholderia thailandensis''
-
===HpcH/HpaI aldolase===
+
*HpcH/HpaI aldolase
-
[[3qz6]] – HPA – ''Desulfitobacterium hafniense''<br />
+
**[[3qz6]] – HPA – ''Desulfitobacterium hafniense''<br />
-
[[2v5j]] – EcHPA<br />
+
**[[2v5j]] – EcHPA<br />
-
[[2v5k]] – EcHPA + oxamate<br />
+
**[[2v5k]] – EcHPA + oxamate<br />
-
[[4l7z]] – CaHHALD – ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus''<br />
+
**[[4l7z]] – CaHHALD – ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus''<br />
-
[[4l80]] – CaHHALD + oxalate + propionyl-CoA<br />
+
**[[4l80]] – CaHHALD + oxalate + propionyl-CoA<br />
-
[[4mf4]] – BcHHALD - ''Burkholderia cenocepacia'' <br />
+
**[[4mf4]] – BcHHALD - ''Burkholderia cenocepacia'' <br />
-
===Sialic acid aldolase===
+
*Sialic acid aldolase
-
[[3lbm]] – EcSAA <br />
+
**[[3lbm]] – EcSAA <br />
-
[[3lcf]], [[3lcg]], [[3lch]], [[3lci]], [[3lcl]], [[2wnq]], [[2wo5]] - EcSAA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[3lcf]], [[3lcg]], [[3lch]], [[3lci]], [[3lcl]], [[2wnq]], [[2wo5]] - EcSAA (mutant)<br />
-
[[3lbc]] – EcSAA + L-arabinose<br />
+
**[[3lbc]] – EcSAA + L-arabinose<br />
-
[[2wnn]] – EcSAA + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[2wnn]] – EcSAA + pyruvate <br />
-
[[2wnz]], [[2wkj]] - EcSAA (mutant) + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[2wnz]], [[2wkj]] - EcSAA (mutant) + pyruvate <br />
-
[[2wpb]] - EcSAA (mutant) + pyruvate + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[2wpb]] - EcSAA (mutant) + pyruvate + inhibitor<br />
-
[[3lcx]] - EcSAA L-KDO (mutant)<br />
+
**[[3lcx]] - EcSAA L-KDO (mutant)<br />
-
[[3lcw]] - EcSAA L-KDO (mutant) + hydroxypyruvate <br />
+
**[[3lcw]] - EcSAA L-KDO (mutant) + hydroxypyruvate <br />
-
===Oxoadipate aldolase===
+
*Oxoadipate aldolase
-
[[3noj]] – PpCHA-ALD – ''Pseudomonas putida''<br />
+
**[[3noj]] – PpCHA-ALD – ''Pseudomonas putida''<br />
-
===Oxovalerate aldolase===
+
*Oxovalerate aldolase
-
[[1nvm]] – OVA + acetaldehyde dehydrogenase - ''Pseudomonas''<br />
+
**[[1nvm]] – OVA + acetaldehyde dehydrogenase - ''Pseudomonas''<br />
-
[[4jn6]] – MtOVA + acetaldehyde dehydrogenase<br />
+
**[[4jn6]] – MtOVA + acetaldehyde dehydrogenase<br />
-
[[4lrs]] – OVA + acetaldehyde dehydrogenase – ''Thermomonospora curvata''<br />
+
**[[4lrs]] – OVA + acetaldehyde dehydrogenase – ''Thermomonospora curvata''<br />
-
===keto-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase (KDPG)===
+
*keto-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase (KDPG)
-
[[3nzr]] – KDPG – ''Vibrio fischeri''<br />
+
**[[3nzr]] – KDPG – ''Vibrio fischeri''<br />
-
[[2r91]], [[2r94]] – TptKDPG<br />
+
**[[2r91]], [[2r94]] – TptKDPG<br />
-
[[2yw3]], [[2yw4]] – TtKDPG <br />
+
**[[2yw3]], [[2yw4]] – TtKDPG <br />
-
[[1vlw]] – TmKDPG<br />
+
**[[1vlw]] – TmKDPG<br />
-
[[1mxs]], [[1kga]] – PpKDPG<br />
+
**[[1mxs]], [[1kga]] – PpKDPG<br />
-
[[1eun]], [[1fq0]] – EcKDPG<br />
+
**[[1eun]], [[1fq0]] – EcKDPG<br />
-
[[1fwr]] - EcKDPG (mutant)<br />
+
**[[1fwr]] - EcKDPG (mutant)<br />
-
''KDPG complex''
+
*KDPG complex
-
[[1wa3]] - TmKDPG + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[1wa3]] - TmKDPG + pyruvate <br />
-
[[1eua]] - EcKDPG + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[1eua]] - EcKDPG + pyruvate <br />
-
===keto-deoxygluconate aldolase (KDG)===
+
*keto-deoxygluconate aldolase (KDG)
-
[[2nuw]], [[2nux]] – SaKDG – ''Sulfolobus acidocaldarius''<br />
+
**[[2nuw]], [[2nux]] – SaKDG – ''Sulfolobus acidocaldarius''<br />
-
[[2nuy]] – SaKDG + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[2nuy]] – SaKDG + pyruvate <br />
-
[[1w37]] - SsDDPGA – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
+
**[[1w37]] - SsDDPGA – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
-
[[1w3i]] - SsKDG + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[1w3i]] - SsKDG + pyruvate <br />
-
[[1w3n]] - SsKDG + gluconate<br />
+
**[[1w3n]] - SsKDG + gluconate<br />
-
[[1w3t]] - SsKDG + gluconate + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[1w3t]] - SsKDG + gluconate + pyruvate <br />
-
[[2yda]] – KDG – ''Vibrio fischeri''
+
**[[2yda]] – KDG – ''Vibrio fischeri''
-
===Deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase===
+
*Deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase
See [[Kdo-8-phosphate synthase]]
See [[Kdo-8-phosphate synthase]]
-
===Deoxyphosphogalactonate aldolase===
+
*Deoxyphosphogalactonate aldolase
-
[[2v81]] – EcKDPGAL<br />
+
**[[2v81]] – EcKDPGAL<br />
-
[[2c0a]] – EcKDPGAL (mutant)<br />
+
**[[2c0a]] – EcKDPGAL (mutant)<br />
-
[[2v82]] – EcKDPGAL + 2-keto-deoxy-galactose<br />
+
**[[2v82]] – EcKDPGAL + 2-keto-deoxy-galactose<br />
-
===Deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase===
+
*Deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase
-
[[1vr6]] – TmKDPHAL<br />
+
**[[1vr6]] – TmKDPHAL<br />
-
[[1zco]] - PfKDPHAL – ''Pyrococcus furiosus''<br />
+
**[[1zco]] - PfKDPHAL – ''Pyrococcus furiosus''<br />
-
[[4c1l]] - PfKDPHAL (mutant)<br />
+
**[[4c1l]] - PfKDPHAL (mutant)<br />
-
[[3pg8]] - TmKDPHAL catalytic domain<br />
+
**[[3pg8]] - TmKDPHAL catalytic domain<br />
-
[[3tqk]] – KDPHAL – ''Francisella tularensis''
+
**[[3tqk]] – KDPHAL – ''Francisella tularensis''
-
''KDPHAL binary complex''
+
*KDPHAL binary complex
-
[[1n8f]] – EcKDPHAL + PEP<br />
+
**[[1n8f]] – EcKDPHAL + PEP<br />
-
[[4c1k]] - PfKDPHAL + PEP<br />
+
**[[4c1k]] - PfKDPHAL + PEP<br />
-
[[1of6]] - yKDPHAL + Tyrosine – yeast<br />
+
**[[1of6]] - yKDPHAL + Tyrosine – yeast<br />
-
[[1ofb]], [[1ofp]], [[1ofq]] - yKDPHAL <br />
+
**[[1ofb]], [[1ofp]], [[1ofq]] - yKDPHAL <br />
-
[[1ofr]] - yKDPHAL + phenylalanine<br />
+
**[[1ofr]] - yKDPHAL + phenylalanine<br />
-
[[1og0]] - yKDPHAL (mutant) + phenylalanine <br />
+
**[[1og0]] - yKDPHAL (mutant) + phenylalanine <br />
-
[[1ofa]], [[1qr7]] - yKDPHAL + PEP<br />
+
**[[1ofa]], [[1qr7]] - yKDPHAL + PEP<br />
-
[[1ofo]] - yKDPHAL + phosphoglycolate<br />
+
**[[1ofo]] - yKDPHAL + phosphoglycolate<br />
-
[[1vs1]] - yKDPHAL + PEP<br />
+
**[[1vs1]] - yKDPHAL + PEP<br />
-
[[3pg9]] – TmKDPHAL + inhibitor<br />
+
**[[3pg9]] – TmKDPHAL + inhibitor<br />
-
''KDPHAL ternary complex''
+
*KDPHAL ternary complex
-
[[1of8]] - yKDPHAL + PEP + E4P analog<br />
+
**[[1of8]] - yKDPHAL + PEP + E4P analog<br />
-
[[1rzm]] - TmKDPHAL + PEP + E4P <br />
+
**[[1rzm]] - TmKDPHAL + PEP + E4P <br />
-
===Deoxygalactarate aldolase===
+
*Deoxygalactarate aldolase
-
[[1dxe]] – EcDGA<br />
+
**[[1dxe]] – EcDGA<br />
-
[[1dxf]] – EcDGA + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[1dxf]] – EcDGA + pyruvate <br />
-
===Aldolase class II===
+
*Aldolase class II
-
[[3ocr]] – ALDII – ''Pseudomonas syringae''<br />
+
**[[3ocr]] – ALDII – ''Pseudomonas syringae''<br />
-
[[2vws]] – EcALDII<br />
+
**[[2vws]] – EcALDII<br />
-
[[2vwt]] – EcALDII + pyruvate <br />
+
**[[2vwt]] – EcALDII + pyruvate <br />
-
===Sphingosin-1-phosphate aldolase===
+
*Sphingosin-1-phosphate aldolase
-
[[3mc6]] – ySCDPL1 (mutant) <br />
+
**[[3mc6]] – ySCDPL1 (mutant) <br />
-
===Rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase===
+
*Rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase
-
[[1gt7]] – EcRPA<br />
+
**[[1gt7]] – EcRPA<br />
-
[[2v9g]], [[2v9o]], [[2uyu]], [[2uyv]], [[2v9e]], [[2v9f]], [[2v9i]], [[2v9l]], [[2v9m]], [[2v9n]], [[2v29]], [[2v2a]], [[2v2b]], [[1ojr]] – EcRPA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[2v9g]], [[2v9o]], [[2uyu]], [[2uyv]], [[2v9e]], [[2v9f]], [[2v9i]], [[2v9l]], [[2v9m]], [[2v9n]], [[2v29]], [[2v2a]], [[2v2b]], [[1ojr]] – EcRPA (mutant)<br />
-
===Oxoglutarate aldolase===
+
*Oxoglutarate aldolase
-
[[3m6y]] – OGA – ''Bacillus cereus''<br />
+
**[[3m6y]] – OGA – ''Bacillus cereus''<br />
-
[[1wau]], [[1wbh]] – EcOGA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[1wau]], [[1wbh]] – EcOGA (mutant)<br />
-
[[3s5n]], [[3s5o]] - hOGA
+
**[[3s5n]], [[3s5o]] - hOGA
-
===LsrF aldolase===
+
*LsrF aldolase
-
[[3gkf]] – EcLsrFA<br />
+
**[[3gkf]] – EcLsrFA<br />
-
[[3glc]], [[3gnd]] – EcLsrFA + ribose derivative<br />
+
**[[3glc]], [[3gnd]] – EcLsrFA + ribose derivative<br />
-
===Threonine aldolase===
+
*Threonine aldolase
-
[[2fm1]], [[1m6s]], [[1jg8]] – TmThrA<br />
+
**[[2fm1]], [[1m6s]], [[1jg8]] – TmThrA<br />
-
[[1lw4]], [[1lw5]] – TmThrA + amino acid<br />
+
**[[1lw4]], [[1lw5]] – TmThrA + amino acid<br />
-
[[1svv]] – ThrA – ''Leishmania major''<br />
+
**[[1svv]] – ThrA – ''Leishmania major''<br />
-
[[4lnj]] – EcThrA<br />
+
**[[4lnj]] – EcThrA<br />
-
[[4lnl]], [[4lnm]] – EcThrA + amino acid<br />
+
**[[4lnl]], [[4lnm]] – EcThrA + amino acid<br />
-
===Phenylserine aldolase===
+
*Phenylserine aldolase
-
[[1v72]] – PpFSA<br />
+
**[[1v72]] – PpFSA<br />
-
[[1j2w]], [[1ub3]] - TtALD<br />
+
**[[1j2w]], [[1ub3]] - TtALD<br />
-
===Metal-dependent pyruvate aldolase 2===
+
*Metal-dependent pyruvate aldolase 2
-
[[4b5x]] – EcPyrA (mutant)<br />
+
**[[4b5x]] – EcPyrA (mutant)<br />
-
[[4b5s]] – EcPyrA + pyruvate + Co + Mg<br />
+
**[[4b5s]] – EcPyrA + pyruvate + Co + Mg<br />
-
[[4b5w]] – EcPyrA (mutant) + pyruvate + Co <br />
+
**[[4b5w]] – EcPyrA (mutant) + pyruvate + Co <br />
-
[[4b5t]] – EcPyrA + keto-butyrate + Co + Mg<br />
+
**[[4b5t]] – EcPyrA + keto-butyrate + Co + Mg<br />
-
[[4b5u]] – EcPyrA + succinic semialdehyde + Co + Mg<br />
+
**[[4b5u]] – EcPyrA + succinic semialdehyde + Co + Mg<br />
-
[[4b5v]] – EcPyrA + pyruvate + heptanedioate derivative + Mg
+
**[[4b5v]] – EcPyrA + pyruvate + heptanedioate derivative + Mg
-
===Retro-aldolase===
+
*Retro-aldolase
-
 
+
-
[[3nxf]], [[3o6y]], [[3ud6]] – RA – artificial gene<br />
+
 +
**[[3nxf]], [[3o6y]], [[3ud6]] – RA – artificial gene<br />
 +
}}
==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
For additional information, see: [[Carbohydrate Metabolism]]
For additional information, see: [[Carbohydrate Metabolism]]

Revision as of 09:40, 16 November 2014

Template:STRUCTURE 3mmt

Contents

Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase

Introduction and Structure

Fructose bisphosphate aldolase is an enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glycolyis is responsible for the conversion of glucose into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules without the need for oxygen. The process generates two net ATP. The overall reaction is:

Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 pyruvate (3-carbon product) + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H20 + 4 H+

Gluconeogenesis is responsible for maintaining the appropriate levels of blood glucose in animals by generating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. Gluconeogenesis can make glucose from lactate, pyruvate, citric acid cycle intermediates and from most amino acids (the exceptions being leucine and lysine). The common intermediate for all of the precursors on their way to becoming glucose must be oxaloacetate.

The aldolase catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP). Different isozymes of aldolase can also catalyze the cleavage of fructose 1-phosphate to diydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde (GA). Different isozymes exhibit preferences for either or both of the substrates, depending on the role of the aldolase (i.e. gluconeogenesis versus glycolysis).[1]

Monomer of the tetrameric fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase complex with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, 4ald

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

Image:Aldolase1.jpg

Kinetics

Isotopic labelling has revealed the rate-determining step for the reaction. Either the carbon-carbon bond cleavage or the release of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate comprise the slow step of the catalysis reaction; however, studies do indicate that the GAP release is likely the slowest step.[3]

It has been shown that aldolase is inhibited allosterically by oxidized glutathione, which is an oxidizing species biologically present. The glutathione oxidizes a thiol 25 angstroms from the catalytic site, which subsequently causes a drop in catalytic activity. In addition, the enzyme shows no positive cooperativity, despite being an oligomer. In fact, kinetics data actually show that the enzyme exhibits negative cooperativity. Thus the catalysis is highly compartmentalized within each subunit and binding causes little distal change of the enzymes structure.[5]

Regulation

The regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is not well understood, but the understanding is every-increasing. As it is currently observed, aldolase C appears to be regulated mainly by the gene expression--the concentration of mRNA in the cytoplasm.[6] It is also known that adenosine 3',5'-cyclicmonophosphate (cAMP) affects the expression of the gene. cAMP concentration has been positively correlated with aldolase C expression. It is believed that cAMP acts upon a section of the promotor region, distal element D, causing the transcriptional promoter, NGFI-B, to bind. Once bound, the promoter activates the transcription of the gene coding for fructose bisphosphate aldolase.[7] Given the inhibitory effects of an oxidant in the presence of aldolase, it is possible that this could be a mechanism of regulation of the enzyme. The deactivation that accompanies the oxidation of the surface thiol of Cys72 could be used intracellularly to slow the catalysis of the enzyme and regulate glycolysis.[5]

3D structures of Aldolase

Updated on 16-November-2014

See Kdo-8-phosphate synthase

Additional Resources

For additional information, see: Carbohydrate Metabolism

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Voet, D, Voet, J, & Pratt, C. (2008). Fundamentals of biochemistry, third edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  2. ↑ Protein: fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from human (homo sapiens), muscle isozyme. (2009). Retrieved from http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gefflaut, T., B. Casimir, J. Perie, and M. Willson. "Class I Aldolases: Substrate Specificity, Mechanism, Inhibitors and Structural Aspects." Prog. Biophys. molec. Biol.. 63. (1995): 301-340.
  4. ↑ Dalby A, Dauter Z, Littlechild JA. Crystal structure of human muscle aldolase complexed with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate: mechanistic implications. Protein Sci. 1999 Feb;8(2):291-7. PMID:10048322
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sygusch, J., and Beaudry, D. "Allosteric communication in mammalian muscle aldolase." Biochem. J.. 327. (1997): 717-720.
  6. ↑ Paolella, G, Buono, P, Mancini, F P, Izzo, P, and Salvatore, F. "Structure and expression of mouse aldolase genes." Eur. J. Biochem.. 156. (1986): 229-235.
  7. ↑ Buono, P, Cassano, S, Alfieri, A, Mancini, A, and Salvatore, F. "Human aldolase C gene expression is regulated by adenosine 30,50-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in PC12 cells." Gene. 291. (2002): 115-121.
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