| Structural highlights
Function
[EVA1_RHISA] Shows chemokine neutralizing activity. Binds to chemokines CCL3, CCL4 and CCL18.[1] [2] [CCL3_HUMAN] Monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties. Binds to CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant MIP-1-alpha induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).[3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
BACKGROUND: Chemokines are a subset of cytokines responsible for controlling the cellular migration of inflammatory cells through interaction with seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. The blocking of a chemokine-receptor interaction results in a reduced inflammatory response, and represents a possible anti-inflammatory strategy, a strategy that is already employed by some virus and parasites. Anti-chemokine activity has been described in the extracts of tick salivary glands, and we have recently described the cloning and characterization of such chemokine binding proteins from the salivary glands, which we have named Evasins. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have solved the structure of Evasin-1, a very small and highly selective chemokine-binding protein, by x-ray crystallography and report that the structure is novel, with no obvious similarity to the previously described structures of viral chemokine binding proteins. Moreover it does not possess a known fold. We have also solved the structure of the complex of Evasin-1 and its high affinity ligand, CCL3. The complex is a 1:1 heterodimer in which the N-terminal region of CCL3 forms numerous contacts with Evasin-1, including prominent pi-pi interactions between residues Trp89 and Phe14 of the binding protein and Phe29 and Phe13 of the chemokine. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: However, these interactions do not appear to be crucial for the selectivity of the binding protein, since these residues are found in CCL5, which is not a ligand for Evasin-1. The selectivity of the interaction would appear to lie in the N-terminal residues of the chemokine, which form the "address" whereas the hydrophobic interactions in the rest of the complex would serve primarily to stabilize the complex. A thorough understanding of the binding mode of this small protein, and its other family members, could be very informative in the design of potent neutralizing molecules of pro-inflammatory mediators of the immune system, such as chemokines.
Structural basis of chemokine sequestration by a tick chemokine binding protein: the crystal structure of the complex between Evasin-1 and CCL3.,Dias JM, Losberger C, Deruaz M, Power CA, Proudfoot AE, Shaw JP PLoS One. 2009 Dec 30;4(12):e8514. PMID:20041127[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Frauenschuh A, Power CA, Deruaz M, Ferreira BR, Silva JS, Teixeira MM, Dias JM, Martin T, Wells TN, Proudfoot AE. Molecular cloning and characterization of a highly selective chemokine-binding protein from the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 14;282(37):27250-8. Epub 2007 Jul 19. PMID:17640866 doi:10.1074/jbc.M704706200
- ↑ Deruaz M, Frauenschuh A, Alessandri AL, Dias JM, Coelho FM, Russo RC, Ferreira BR, Graham GJ, Shaw JP, Wells TN, Teixeira MM, Power CA, Proudfoot AE. Ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity. J Exp Med. 2008 Sep 1;205(9):2019-31. Epub 2008 Aug 4. PMID:18678732 doi:10.1084/jem.20072689
- ↑ Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1811-5. PMID:8525373
- ↑ Dias JM, Losberger C, Deruaz M, Power CA, Proudfoot AE, Shaw JP. Structural basis of chemokine sequestration by a tick chemokine binding protein: the crystal structure of the complex between Evasin-1 and CCL3. PLoS One. 2009 Dec 30;4(12):e8514. PMID:20041127 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008514
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