Ferredoxin NADP+ Reductase
From Proteopedia
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==Anaerobic Function== | ==Anaerobic Function== | ||
| - | In many facultatively anaerobic bacteria, FNR acts as an oxygen sensor modifying gene expression that adapts the cell to anaerobic growth. The activity of FNR regulates the cell's ability to metabolize aerobically or anaerobically so that when oxygen is abundant, FNR is destabilized and converted into an inactive form. <ref> PMID: 3036034 <ref>FNR is activated when there are low oxygen tensions (hypoxia). This function is known as transcriptional sensor-regulation.<ref> PMID: 7747938<ref> The predominant pathway in which this regulation occurs is through binding or oxidation-reduction of oxygen in the iron sulfur center, in which the iron serves as the initiating cofactor that interacts with the oxygen when oxygen is abundant. This is a reversibly constitutive regulation pathway.<ref> PMID: 16377617 <ref> | + | In many facultatively anaerobic bacteria, FNR acts as an oxygen sensor modifying gene expression that adapts the cell to anaerobic growth. The activity of FNR regulates the cell's ability to metabolize aerobically or anaerobically so that when oxygen is abundant, FNR is destabilized and converted into an inactive form.<ref> PMID: 3036034 </ref> FNR is activated when there are low oxygen tensions (hypoxia). This function is known as transcriptional sensor-regulation.<ref> PMID: 7747938</ref> The predominant pathway in which this regulation occurs is through binding or oxidation-reduction of oxygen in the iron sulfur center, in which the iron serves as the initiating cofactor that interacts with the oxygen when oxygen is abundant. This is a reversibly constitutive regulation pathway.<ref> PMID: 16377617 </ref> |
Although facultative anaerobes prefer to use molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor due the high reduction potential, low oxygen stress is able to induce the bacteria to use FNR instead. The transformation involves other proteins such as the sensor regulator system ArcAB, however these regulators are affected by other intermediates. FNR combines the functions of both a sensor and a regulator. | Although facultative anaerobes prefer to use molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor due the high reduction potential, low oxygen stress is able to induce the bacteria to use FNR instead. The transformation involves other proteins such as the sensor regulator system ArcAB, however these regulators are affected by other intermediates. FNR combines the functions of both a sensor and a regulator. | ||
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== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
| - | In its active form, the protein is a <scene name='69/699901/Dimeric_fnr/1'>dimer</scene> and contains a [4Fe-4S]<sup>+2</sup> cluster. When inactive, the protein is monomeric and containts a [3Fe-4S]<sup>+2</sup> cluster. FNR in its <scene name='69/699901/Monomeric_fnr/1'>monomer</scene> form can be seen here, with bound NADP and FAD.<ref> PMID: 21166900 <ref> | + | In its active form, the protein is a <scene name='69/699901/Dimeric_fnr/1'>dimer</scene> and contains a [4Fe-4S]<sup>+2</sup> cluster. When inactive, the protein is monomeric and containts a [3Fe-4S]<sup>+2</sup> cluster. FNR in its <scene name='69/699901/Monomeric_fnr/1'>monomer</scene> form can be seen here, with bound NADP and FAD.<ref> PMID: 21166900 </ref> |
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 20:51, 14 May 2015
Overview
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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)
Rebecca Truitt, Michal Harel, Dana Emmert, Jaime Prilusky, Alexander Berchansky
