| Structural highlights
Function
[YAP1_HUMAN] Transcriptional regulator which can act both as a coactivator and a corepressor and is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. Plays a key role to control cell proliferation in response to cell contact. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS1/2 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus to regulate cellular genes important for cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration. The presence of TEAD transcription factors are required for it to stimulate gene expression, cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 can activate the C-terminal fragment (CTF) of ERBB4 (isoform 3).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Chemical synthesis allows the incorporation of nonnatural amino acids into proteins that may provide previously untried probes of their folding pathway and thermodynamic stability. We have used a flexible thioether linker as a loop mimetic in the human yes kinase-associated protein (YAP 65) WW domain, a three-stranded, 44-residue, beta-sheet protein. This linkage avoids problems of incorporating sequences that constrain loops to the extent that they significantly change the nature of the denatured state with concomitant effects on the folding kinetics. An NMR solution structure shows that the thioether linker had little effect on the global fold of the domain, although the loop is apparently more dynamic. The thioether variants are destabilized by up to 1.4 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.18 J). Preliminary Phi-value analysis showed that the first loop is highly structured in the folding transition state, and the second loop is essentially unstructured. These data are consistent with results from simulated unfolding and detailed protein-engineering studies of structurally homologous WW domains. Previously, Phi-value analysis was limited to studying side-chain interactions. The linkers used here extend the protein engineering method directly to secondary-structure interactions.
Using flexible loop mimetics to extend phi-value analysis to secondary structure interactions.,Ferguson N, Pires JR, Toepert F, Johnson CM, Pan YP, Volkmer-Engert R, Schneider-Mergener J, Daggett V, Oschkinat H, Fersht A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 6;98(23):13008-13. Epub 2001 Oct 30. PMID:11687614[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Komuro A, Nagai M, Navin NE, Sudol M. WW domain-containing protein YAP associates with ErbB-4 and acts as a co-transcriptional activator for the carboxyl-terminal fragment of ErbB-4 that translocates to the nucleus. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 29;278(35):33334-41. Epub 2003 Jun 13. PMID:12807903 doi:10.1074/jbc.M305597200
- ↑ Zhao B, Wei X, Li W, Udan RS, Yang Q, Kim J, Xie J, Ikenoue T, Yu J, Li L, Zheng P, Ye K, Chinnaiyan A, Halder G, Lai ZC, Guan KL. Inactivation of YAP oncoprotein by the Hippo pathway is involved in cell contact inhibition and tissue growth control. Genes Dev. 2007 Nov 1;21(21):2747-61. PMID:17974916 doi:10.1101/gad.1602907
- ↑ Zhao B, Ye X, Yu J, Li L, Li W, Li S, Yu J, Lin JD, Wang CY, Chinnaiyan AM, Lai ZC, Guan KL. TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control. Genes Dev. 2008 Jul 15;22(14):1962-71. Epub 2008 Jun 25. PMID:18579750 doi:10.1101/gad.1664408
- ↑ Hao Y, Chun A, Cheung K, Rashidi B, Yang X. Tumor suppressor LATS1 is a negative regulator of oncogene YAP. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 29;283(9):5496-509. Epub 2007 Dec 24. PMID:18158288 doi:10.1074/jbc.M709037200
- ↑ Levy D, Adamovich Y, Reuven N, Shaul Y. Yap1 phosphorylation by c-Abl is a critical step in selective activation of proapoptotic genes in response to DNA damage. Mol Cell. 2008 Feb 15;29(3):350-61. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.12.022. PMID:18280240 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.12.022
- ↑ Tomlinson V, Gudmundsdottir K, Luong P, Leung KY, Knebel A, Basu S. JNK phosphorylates Yes-associated protein (YAP) to regulate apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2010;1:e29. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2010.7. PMID:21364637 doi:10.1038/cddis.2010.7
- ↑ Ferguson N, Pires JR, Toepert F, Johnson CM, Pan YP, Volkmer-Engert R, Schneider-Mergener J, Daggett V, Oschkinat H, Fersht A. Using flexible loop mimetics to extend phi-value analysis to secondary structure interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 6;98(23):13008-13. Epub 2001 Oct 30. PMID:11687614 doi:10.1073/pnas.221467398
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