Glutathione peroxidase

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* GPX3 is abundant in plasma.<br />
* GPX3 is abundant in plasma.<br />
* GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide.
* GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide.
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* GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>.
== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
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Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity.
+
Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>.
== 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase ==
== 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase ==

Revision as of 10:24, 10 March 2016

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Contents

Function

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage[1]. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.

  • GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide[2].
  • GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular.
  • GPX3 is abundant in plasma.
  • GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide.
  • GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H2O2 independent of glutathione[3].

Relevance

Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function[4].

3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase

Updated on 10-March-2016

References

  1. ↑ Arthur JR. The glutathione peroxidases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1825-35. PMID:11215509
  2. ↑ Lei XG, Cheng WH, McClung JP. Metabolic regulation and function of glutathione peroxidase-1. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:41-61. PMID:17465855 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093716
  3. ↑ Peng D, Belkhiri A, Hu T, Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Wilson KT, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 protects against oxidative DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Gut. 2012 Sep;61(9):1250-60. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID:22157330 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078
  4. ↑ Peng D, Hu T, Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut. 2014 Apr;63(4):540-51. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID:23580780 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612

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Michal Harel

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