Glutathione peroxidase
From Proteopedia
(Difference between revisions)
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'''Glutathione peroxidase''' (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage<ref>PMID:11215509</ref>. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.<br /> | '''Glutathione peroxidase''' (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage<ref>PMID:11215509</ref>. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.<br /> | ||
* GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide<ref>PMID:17465855</ref>.<br /> | * GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide<ref>PMID:17465855</ref>.<br /> | ||
- | * GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular.<br /> | + | * GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular and is the major oxidative stress-inducible GPX in lungs.<br /> |
* GPX3 is abundant in plasma.<br /> | * GPX3 is abundant in plasma.<br /> | ||
* GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide<ref>PMID:17895430</ref>.<br /> | * GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide<ref>PMID:17895430</ref>.<br /> | ||
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* GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>. | * GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> independent of glutathione<ref>PMID:22157330</ref>. | ||
== Relevance == | == Relevance == | ||
- | Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX3 is a candidate of inducing anticancer drug resistance in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma<ref>PMID:19020706</ref>. GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>. | + | Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX3 is a candidate of inducing anticancer drug resistance in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma<ref>PMID:19020706</ref>. GPX4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury<ref>PMID:16673405</ref>GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function<ref>PMID:23580780</ref>. |
== 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase == | == 3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase == | ||
Revision as of 10:41, 10 March 2016
Contents |
Function
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) reduces lipid hydroperoxides to alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water. Thus, GPX protects the organism from oxidative damage[1]. There are several isozymes of GPX. Eight isozymes have been found in human.
- GPX1 is found in the cytoplasm and reduces hydrogen peroxide[2].
- GPX2 is intestinal and extracellular and is the major oxidative stress-inducible GPX in lungs.
- GPX3 is abundant in plasma.
- GPX4 substrate is lipid hydroxyperoxide[3].
- GPX5 protects spermatozoa from effects of lipid peroxidation[4].
- GPX7 is a strong neutralizer of H2O2 independent of glutathione[5].
Relevance
Low levels of GPX are found in patients of vitiligo, type 2 diabetes and relapsing multiple sclerosis. There is age-related decrease of GPX activity and hence in antioxidant activity. GPX3 is a candidate of inducing anticancer drug resistance in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma[6]. GPX4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury[7]GPX7 has potential tumor suppressor function[8].
3D Structures of glutathione peroxidase
Updated on 10-March-2016
References
- ↑ Arthur JR. The glutathione peroxidases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1825-35. PMID:11215509
- ↑ Lei XG, Cheng WH, McClung JP. Metabolic regulation and function of glutathione peroxidase-1. Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:41-61. PMID:17465855 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093716
- ↑ Ran Q, Liang H, Ikeno Y, Qi W, Prolla TA, Roberts LJ 2nd, Wolf N, Van Remmen H, Richardson A. Reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 increases life span through increased sensitivity to apoptosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007 Sep;62(9):932-42. PMID:17895430
- ↑ Hall L, Williams K, Perry AC, Frayne J, Jury JA. The majority of human glutathione peroxidase type 5 (GPX5) transcripts are incorrectly spliced: implications for the role of GPX5 in the male reproductive tract. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):5-9. PMID:9639555
- ↑ Peng D, Belkhiri A, Hu T, Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Wilson KT, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 protects against oxidative DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Gut. 2012 Sep;61(9):1250-60. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID:22157330 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301078
- ↑ Saga Y, Ohwada M, Suzuki M, Konno R, Kigawa J, Ueno S, Mano H. Glutathione peroxidase 3 is a candidate mechanism of anticancer drug resistance of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2008 Dec;20(6):1299-303. PMID:19020706
- ↑ Ran Q, Gu M, Van Remmen H, Strong R, Roberts JL, Richardson A. Glutathione peroxidase 4 protects cortical neurons from oxidative injury and amyloid toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Jul;84(1):202-8. PMID:16673405 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20868
- ↑ Peng D, Hu T, Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut. 2014 Apr;63(4):540-51. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID:23580780 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612