3ulr

Structural highlights

Function

[LYSC_CHICK] Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents. Has bacteriolytic activity against M.luteus.^[1] [ABL2_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1-overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion and receptor endocytosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal structure through its F-actin-bundling activity. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through phosphorylation of key regulators of these processes such as CRK, CRKL, DOK1 or ARHGAP35. Adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of ARHGAP35 promotes its association with RASA1, resulting in recruitment of ARHGAP35 to the cell periphery where it inhibits RHO. Phosphorylates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases like PDGFRB and other substrates which are involved in endocytosis regulation such as RIN1. In brain, may regulate neurotransmission by phosphorylating proteins at the synapse. ABL2 acts also as a regulator of multiple pathological signaling cascades during infection. Pathogens can highjack ABL2 kinase signaling to reorganize the host actin cytoskeleton for multiple purposes, like facilitating intracellular movement and host cell exit. Finally, functions as its own regulator through autocatalytic activity as well as through phosphorylation of its inhibitor, ABI1.^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} [SRC8_MOUSE] Contributes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell structure. In complex with ABL1 and MYLK regulates cortical actin-based cytoskeletal rearrangement critical to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement (By similarity). Through its interaction with CTTNBP2, involved in the regulation of neuronal spine density (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of cell migration. Plays a role in the invasiveness of cancer cells, and the formation of metastases.^{[7] [8]}

See Also

• Lysozyme 3D structures

References

1. ↑ Maehashi K, Matano M, Irisawa T, Uchino M, Kashiwagi Y, Watanabe T. Molecular characterization of goose- and chicken-type lysozymes in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): evidence for extremely low lysozyme levels in emu egg white. Gene. 2012 Jan 15;492(1):244-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.021. Epub 2011 Oct, 25. PMID:22044478 doi:10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.021
2. ↑ Hu H, Bliss JM, Wang Y, Colicelli J. RIN1 is an ABL tyrosine kinase activator and a regulator of epithelial-cell adhesion and migration. Curr Biol. 2005 May 10;15(9):815-23. PMID:15886098 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.049
3. ↑ Cao C, Li Y, Leng Y, Li P, Ma Q, Kufe D. Ubiquitination and degradation of the Arg tyrosine kinase is regulated by oxidative stress. Oncogene. 2005 Apr 7;24(15):2433-40. PMID:15735735 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208454
4. ↑ Liu X, Huang W, Li C, Li P, Yuan J, Li X, Qiu XB, Ma Q, Cao C. Interaction between c-Abl and Arg tyrosine kinases and proteasome subunit PSMA7 regulates proteasome degradation. Mol Cell. 2006 May 5;22(3):317-27. PMID:16678104 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.04.007
5. ↑ Boyle SN, Michaud GA, Schweitzer B, Predki PF, Koleske AJ. A critical role for cortactin phosphorylation by Abl-family kinases in PDGF-induced dorsal-wave formation. Curr Biol. 2007 Mar 6;17(5):445-51. Epub 2007 Feb 15. PMID:17306540 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.057
6. ↑ Yogalingam G, Pendergast AM. Abl kinases regulate autophagy by promoting the trafficking and function of lysosomal components. J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 19;283(51):35941-53. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M804543200. Epub 2008, Oct 21. PMID:18945674 doi:10.1074/jbc.M804543200
7. ↑ Bourguignon LY, Gilad E, Peyrollier K, Brightman A, Swanson RA. Hyaluronan-CD44 interaction stimulates Rac1 signaling and PKN gamma kinase activation leading to cytoskeleton function and cell migration in astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2007 May;101(4):1002-17. Epub 2007 Mar 30. PMID:17403031 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04485.x
8. ↑ Chen YK, Hsueh YP. Cortactin-binding protein 2 modulates the mobility of cortactin and regulates dendritic spine formation and maintenance. J Neurosci. 2012 Jan 18;32(3):1043-55. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4405-11.2012. PMID:22262902 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4405-11.2012
9. ↑ Liu W, Macgrath SM, Koleske AJ, Boggon TJ. Lysozyme contamination facilitates crystallization of a heterotrimeric cortactin-Arg-lysozyme complex. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2012 Feb 1;68(Pt, 2):154-8. Epub 2012 Jan 25. PMID:22297987 doi:10.1107/S1744309111056132