| Structural highlights
Disease
[SODC_HUMAN] Defects in SOD1 are the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 (ALS1) [MIM:105400]. ALS1 is a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons and resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of cases leading to familial forms.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [:][9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]
Function
[SODC_HUMAN] Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), while wild-type SOD1 has been implicated in sporadic ALS (SALS). SOD1 mutants are now recognized to acquire one or more toxicities that include their association with mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum membranes but the underlying structural mechanism remains unknown. Here we determine NMR conformations of both wild-type and a truncation mutant (L126Z) of SOD1 in aqueous solution and a membrane environment. The truncation mutant (which causes FALS at very low levels, indicating its elevated toxicity) is highly unstructured in solution, failing to adopt the beta-barrel SOD1 native structure. Wild-type SOD1 is also highly unstructured upon reduction of disulfides and depletion of zinc. Most remarkably, both mutant and wild type adopt similar, highly-helical conformations in a membrane environment. Thus, either truncation or depletion of zinc is sufficient to eliminate the native beta-barrel structure, and transform cytosolic SOD1 into membrane proteins energetically driven by forming amphiphilic helices in membranes. That zinc-deficiency is sufficient to produce a similar transformation in wild-type SOD1 implies that the wild-type and FALS-linked SOD1 mutants may trigger ALS by a common mechanism.
Mechanism for transforming cytosolic SOD1 into integral membrane proteins of organelles by ALS-causing mutations.,Lim L, Lee X, Song J Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jan;1848(1 Pt A):1-7. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.002. Epub 2014 Oct 12. PMID:25306968[46]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
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- ↑ Lim L, Lee X, Song J. Mechanism for transforming cytosolic SOD1 into integral membrane proteins of organelles by ALS-causing mutations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jan;1848(1 Pt A):1-7. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.002. Epub 2014 Oct 12. PMID:25306968 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.002
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