Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Function

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA is a building block in in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. ACC is biotin- and ATP-dependent enzyme. In mammals, 2 forms of ACC exist. ACC1 and ACC2 differ in their tissue distribution and function.

Structural highlights

ACC is a multi-subunit enzyme in prokaryotes and plants. Each subunit catalyzes different reaction. These are – biotin carboxylase (BC) which carboxylates the biotin prosthetic group, biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) which is linked covalently to biotin and carboxyltransferase (CT) which transfers the carboxyl group from biotin to acetyl-CoA. In eukaryotes these functions are performed by a single polypeptide chain. The biotin moiety is located in the beta turn connecting the N and C halves of BCCP. (1bdo) is shown. ^[1]

Disease

Bacterial ACC serves as a potential drug target for novel antibiotics.