| Structural highlights
Disease
[WASP_HUMAN] Defects in WAS are the cause of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) [MIM:301000]; also known as eczema-thrombocytopenia-immunodeficiency syndrome. WAS is an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, and bloody diarrhea. Death usually occurs before age 10.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Defects in WAS are the cause of thrombocytopenia type 1 (THC1) [MIM:313900]. Thrombocytopenia is defined by a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood, resulting in the potential for increased bleeding and decreased ability for clotting.[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Defects in WAS are a cause of neutropenia severe congenital X-linked (XLN) [MIM:300299]. XLN is an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent major bacterial infections, severe congenital neutropenia, and monocytopenia.[17]
Function
[ALDOA_RABIT] Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein.[18] [WASP_HUMAN] Effector protein for Rho-type GTPases. Regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. Important for efficient actin polymerization. Possible regulator of lymphocyte and platelet function. Mediates actin filament reorganization and the formation of actin pedestals upon infection by pathogenic bacteria.[19] [20] [21]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Aldolase plays essential catalytic roles in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. However, aldolase is a highly abundant protein that is remarkably promiscuous in its interactions with other cellular proteins. In particular, aldolase binds to highly acidic amino acid sequences, including the C terminus of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, an actin nucleation-promoting factor. Here we report the crystal structure of tetrameric rabbit muscle aldolase in complex with a C-terminal peptide of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. Aldolase recognizes a short, four-residue DEWD motif (residues 498-501), which adopts a loose hairpin turn that folds around the central aromatic residue, enabling its tryptophan side chain to fit into a hydrophobic pocket in the active site of aldolase. The flanking acidic residues in this binding motif provide further interactions with conserved aldolase active site residues Arg-42 and Arg-303, aligning their side chains and forming the sides of the hydrophobic pocket. The binding of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein to aldolase precludes intramolecular interactions of its C terminus with its active site and is competitive with substrate as well as with binding by actin and cortactin. Finally, based on this structure, a novel naphthol phosphate-based inhibitor of aldolase was identified, and its structure in complex with aldolase demonstrated mimicry of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-aldolase interaction. The data support a model whereby aldolase exists in distinct forms that regulate glycolysis or actin dynamics.
A hydrophobic pocket in the active site of glycolytic aldolase mediates interactions with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.,St-Jean M, Izard T, Sygusch J J Biol Chem. 2007 May 11;282(19):14309-15. Epub 2007 Feb 27. PMID:17329259[22]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kwan SP, Hagemann TL, Radtke BE, Blaese RM, Rosen FS. Identification of mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene and characterization of a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat at DXS6940, adjacent to the disease gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4706-10. PMID:7753869
- ↑ Kolluri R, Shehabeldin A, Peacocke M, Lamhonwah AM, Teichert-Kuliszewska K, Weissman SM, Siminovitch KA. Identification of WASP mutations in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and isolated thrombocytopenia reveals allelic heterogeneity at the WAS locus. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1119-26. PMID:8528198
- ↑ Derry JM, Kerns JA, Weinberg KI, Ochs HD, Volpini V, Estivill X, Walker AP, Francke U. WASP gene mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and X-linked thrombocytopenia. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1127-35. PMID:8528199
- ↑ Schindelhauer D, Weiss M, Hellebrand H, Golla A, Hergersberg M, Seger R, Belohradsky BH, Meindl A. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: no strict genotype-phenotype correlations but clustering of missense mutations in the amino-terminal part of the WASP gene product. Hum Genet. 1996 Jul;98(1):68-76. PMID:8682510
- ↑ Remold-O'Donnell E, Cooley J, Shcherbina A, Hagemann TL, Kwan SP, Kenney DM, Rosen FS. Variable expression of WASP in B cell lines of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients. J Immunol. 1997 May 1;158(9):4021-5. PMID:9126958
- ↑ Ariga T, Yamada M, Sakiyama Y. Mutation analysis of five Japanese families with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and determination of the family members' carrier status using three different methods. Pediatr Res. 1997 Apr;41(4 Pt 1):535-40. PMID:9098856 doi:10.1203/00006450-199704000-00013
- ↑ MacCarthy-Morrogh L, Gaspar HB, Wang YC, Katz F, Thompson L, Layton M, Jones AM, Kinnon C. Absence of expression of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein in peripheral blood cells of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1998 Jul;88(1):22-7. PMID:9683546
- ↑ Facchetti F, Blanzuoli L, Vermi W, Notarangelo LD, Giliani S, Fiorini M, Fasth A, Stewart DM, Nelson DL. Defective actin polymerization in EBV-transformed B-cell lines from patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Pathol. 1998 May;185(1):99-107. PMID:9713366 doi:<99::AID-PATH48>3.0.CO;2-L 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199805)185:1<99::AID-PATH48>3.0.CO;2-L
- ↑ Parolini O, Ressmann G, Haas OA, Pawlowsky J, Gadner H, Knapp W, Holter W. X-linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in a girl. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jan 29;338(5):291-5. PMID:9445409 doi:10.1056/NEJM199801293380504
- ↑ Lemahieu V, Gastier JM, Francke U. Novel mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein gene and their effects on transcriptional, translational, and clinical phenotypes. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(1):54-66. PMID:10447259 doi:<54::AID-HUMU7>3.0.CO;2-E 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)14:1<54::AID-HUMU7>3.0.CO;2-E
- ↑ El-Hakeh J, Rosenzweig S, Oleastro M, Basack N, Berozdnik L, Molina F, Rivas EM, Zelazko M, Danielian S. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in Argentina: 17 unique, including nine novel, mutations. Hum Mutat. 2002 Feb;19(2):186-7. PMID:11793485 doi:10.1002/humu.9013
- ↑ Derry JM, Kerns JA, Weinberg KI, Ochs HD, Volpini V, Estivill X, Walker AP, Francke U. WASP gene mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and X-linked thrombocytopenia. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1127-35. PMID:8528199
- ↑ Lemahieu V, Gastier JM, Francke U. Novel mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein gene and their effects on transcriptional, translational, and clinical phenotypes. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(1):54-66. PMID:10447259 doi:<54::AID-HUMU7>3.0.CO;2-E 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)14:1<54::AID-HUMU7>3.0.CO;2-E
- ↑ Villa A, Notarangelo L, Macchi P, Mantuano E, Cavagni G, Brugnoni D, Strina D, Patrosso MC, Ramenghi U, Sacco MG, et al.. X-linked thrombocytopenia and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are allelic diseases with mutations in the WASP gene. Nat Genet. 1995 Apr;9(4):414-7. PMID:7795648 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0495-414
- ↑ Ho LL, Ayling J, Prosser I, Kronenberg H, Iland H, Joshua D. Missense C168T in the Wiskott--Aldrich Syndrome protein gene is a common mutation in X-linked thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2001 Jan;112(1):76-80. PMID:11167787
- ↑ Notarangelo LD, Mazza C, Giliani S, D'Aria C, Gandellini F, Ravelli C, Locatelli MG, Nelson DL, Ochs HD, Notarangelo LD. Missense mutations of the WASP gene cause intermittent X-linked thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2002 Mar 15;99(6):2268-9. PMID:11877312
- ↑ Devriendt K, Kim AS, Mathijs G, Frints SG, Schwartz M, Van Den Oord JJ, Verhoef GE, Boogaerts MA, Fryns JP, You D, Rosen MK, Vandenberghe P. Constitutively activating mutation in WASP causes X-linked severe congenital neutropenia. Nat Genet. 2001 Mar;27(3):313-7. PMID:11242115 doi:10.1038/85886
- ↑ St-Jean M, Izard T, Sygusch J. A hydrophobic pocket in the active site of glycolytic aldolase mediates interactions with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. J Biol Chem. 2007 May 11;282(19):14309-15. Epub 2007 Feb 27. PMID:17329259 doi:10.1074/jbc.M611505200
- ↑ Cory GO, Garg R, Cramer R, Ridley AJ. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 291 enhances the ability of WASp to stimulate actin polymerization and filopodium formation. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 22;277(47):45115-21. Epub 2002 Sep 15. PMID:12235133 doi:10.1074/jbc.M203346200
- ↑ Chereau D, Kerff F, Graceffa P, Grabarek Z, Langsetmo K, Dominguez R. Actin-bound structures of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-homology domain 2 and the implications for filament assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 15;102(46):16644-9. Epub 2005 Nov 7. PMID:16275905
- ↑ Cheng HC, Skehan BM, Campellone KG, Leong JM, Rosen MK. Structural mechanism of WASP activation by the enterohaemorrhagic E. coli effector EspF(U). Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):1009-13. Epub 2008 Jul 23. PMID:18650809 doi:10.1038/nature07160
- ↑ St-Jean M, Izard T, Sygusch J. A hydrophobic pocket in the active site of glycolytic aldolase mediates interactions with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. J Biol Chem. 2007 May 11;282(19):14309-15. Epub 2007 Feb 27. PMID:17329259 doi:10.1074/jbc.M611505200
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