Alanine racemase

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<StructureSection load='1l6g' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of alanine racemase dimer complex with phosphopyridoxyl-alanine (PDB entry [[1l6g]])' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='1l6g' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of alanine racemase dimer complex with phosphopyridoxyl-alanine (in magenta) (PDB entry [[1l6g]])' scene='55/551209/Cv/1'>
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'''Alanine racemase''' (AR) catalyzes the racemization of L-alanine to D-alanine. AR uses pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. PLP binds to a lysine residue of AR. AR participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism. The antibiotic D-cycloserine is an effective inhibitor of AR.
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== Function ==
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== 3D Structures of alanine racemase ==
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'''Alanine racemase''' (AR) catalyzes the racemization of L-alanine to D-alanine. AR uses pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. PLP binds to a lysine residue of AR. AR participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism. <ref name="Ad">PMID:11886871</ref>
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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== Disease ==
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[[3uw6]] – GsAR – ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'' <BR />
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The antibiotic D-cycloserine is an effective inhibitor of AR.
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===Alanine racemate complexes containing PLP===
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== Relevance ==
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[[1sft]] – GsAR + PLP <BR />
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The D-alanine produced by AR is used for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Peptidoglycans are found in cell walls of bacteria hence AR inhibitors are tested as antimicrobial drugs.
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[[2sfp]] – GsAR + PLP + propionate inhibitor <BR />
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[[1l6f]], [[1l6g]] – GsAR + PLP-alanine <BR />
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== Structural highlights ==
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[[1xqk]] – GsAR (mutant) + PLP derivative <BR />
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[[1xql]] – GsAR (mutant) + PLP + pyridoxamine phosphate + pyridoxamine phosphate hydroxyisoxazole<BR />
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AR uses 2 catalytic bases for the reaction: <scene name='55/551209/Cv/3'>Lys and Tyr</scene> from different monomers.<ref name="Ad">PMID:11886871</ref> Water molecules are shown as red spheres. <scene name='55/551209/Cv/5'>Whole active site</scene>.
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[[1vfh]] – SlAR + PLP – ''Streptomyces lavendulae'' <BR />
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[[1xfc]] – AR + PLP – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' <BR />
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== 3D Structures of alanine racemase ==
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[[2dy3]] – AR + PLP – ''Corynebacterium glutamicum'' <BR />
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[[Alanine racemase 3D structures]]
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[[3ha1]] – BaAR + lysine-PLP <BR />
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[[3kw3]] – AR + lysine-PLP - ''Bartonella henselae''<BR />
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[[3s46]] – AR + lysine-PLP - ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''<BR />
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===Alanine racemate complexes not containing PLP===
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</StructureSection>
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[[1bd0]], [[1ftx]] – GsAR + alanine phosphonate <BR />
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== References ==
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[[1epv]], [[1niu]] – GsAR + cycloserine inhibitor <BR />
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<references/>
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[[1vfs]], [[1vft]] – SlAR + cycloserine inhibitor <BR />
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[[Category: Topic Page]]
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[[2dv8]], [[2vd9]] – BaAR + inhibitor – ''Bacillus anthracis'' <BR />
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Current revision

Structure of alanine racemase dimer complex with phosphopyridoxyl-alanine (in magenta) (PDB entry 1l6g)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Watanabe A, Yoshimura T, Mikami B, Hayashi H, Kagamiyama H, Esaki N. Reaction mechanism of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: x-ray crystallographic studies of the enzyme bound with N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)alanine. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 24;277(21):19166-72. Epub 2002 Mar 8. PMID:11886871 doi:10.1074/jbc.M201615200

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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