Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

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{{STRUCTURE_1a9x| PDB=1a9x | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=E. coli carbamoyl phosphate synthetase large chains (grey, pink, magenta, gold) and small chains (green, yellow, cyan, red) complex with ADP, phosphate and ornithine, [[1a9x]] }}
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<StructureSection load='1a9x' size='350' side='right' scene='49/493669/Cv/4' caption='E. coli carbamoyl phosphate synthetase large chain (cyan) and small chain (salmon) complex with ADP, phosphate and ornithine, [[1a9x]]'>
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== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase''' (CPS) catalyzes the production of carbamoyl phosphate in 3 steps. (1) Carbonyl phosphate is produced from bicarbonate and ATP. (2) Carbamic acid and inorganic phosphate are produced from carbonyl phosphate and NH3. (3) Carbamoyl phosphate and ADP are produced from carbamic acid and ATP. CPS is part of the pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis as well as the urea cycle in vertebrates. Ornithine is an allosteric effector of CPS. There are 3 forms of CPS:<br />
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'''Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase''' (CPS) catalyzes the production of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, Mg+2, bicarbonate and glutamine. CPS is part of the pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis as well as the urea cycle in vertebrates. Ornithine is an allosteric effector of CPS.<ref>PMID:5329589</ref> There are 3 forms of CPS:<br />
* '''CPS I''' participates in the urea cycle. CPS I uses glutamine for NH3 source.<br />
* '''CPS I''' participates in the urea cycle. CPS I uses glutamine for NH3 source.<br />
* '''CPS II''' participates in pyrimidine metabolism<br />
* '''CPS II''' participates in pyrimidine metabolism<br />
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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CPS I and II are composed of 2 subunits. CPS I contains a methylglyoxal synthetase (MGS) domain which binds ornithine.
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CPS I and II are composed of 2 subunits. The large subunit contain active sites which bind nucleotides and other effectors. The small subunit catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and NH3. The <scene name='49/493669/Cv/3'>small subunit active site contains an active Cys residue</scene>.<ref>PMID:9636022</ref> CPS I contains a methylglyoxal synthetase (MGS) domain which binds <scene name='49/493669/Cv/6'>L-ornithine</scene>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
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<scene name='49/493669/Cv/11'>ADP binding site</scene>.
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<scene name='49/493669/Cv/12'>Mn coordination site</scene>.
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<scene name='49/493669/Cv/13'>K coordination site</scene>.
==3D structures of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase==
==3D structures of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase==
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[[Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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[[2yvq]] – CPS I MGS domain - human<br />
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== References ==
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[[1jdb]] - EcCPS + phosphate + glutamine + ADP – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
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<references/>
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[[1a9x]], [[1cs0]] - EcCPS + phosphate + ornithine + ADP<BR />
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[[1c30]], [[1m6v]] - EcCPS (mutant) + phosphate + ornithine + ADP<BR />
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[[1bxr]] - EcCPS + ornithine + AMPPNP<br />
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[[1ce8]] - EcCPS + phosphate + ornithine + inosinic acid + ADP<BR />
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[[1c3o]] - EcCPS (mutant) + phosphate + ornithine + glutamine + ADP<BR />
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[[1kee]] - EcCPS + phosphate + ornithine + acivicin + ADP<BR />
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[[1t36]] - EcCPS (mutant) + phosphate + ornithine + UMP + ADP<BR />
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

E. coli carbamoyl phosphate synthetase large chain (cyan) and small chain (salmon) complex with ADP, phosphate and ornithine, 1a9x

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References

  1. ↑ Kalman SM, Duffield PH, Brzozowski T. Purification and properties of a bacterial carbamyl phosphate synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1966 Apr 25;241(8):1871-7. PMID:5329589
  2. ↑ Thoden JB, Miran SG, Phillips JC, Howard AJ, Raushel FM, Holden HM. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: caught in the act of glutamine hydrolysis. Biochemistry. 1998 Jun 23;37(25):8825-31. PMID:9636022 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi9807761

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel

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