| Structural highlights
Function
[PK3CD_MOUSE] Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PftdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Mediates immune responses. Plays a role in B-cell development, proliferation, migration, and function. Required for B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Mediates B-cell proliferation response to anti-IgM, anti-CD40 and IL4 stimulation. Promotes cytokine production in response to TLR4 and TLR9. Required for antibody class switch mediated by TLR9. Involved in the antigen presentation function of B-cells. Involved in B-cell chemotaxis in response to CXCL13 and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Required for proliferation, signaling and cytokine production of naive, effector and memory T-cells. Required for T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Mediates TCR signaling events at the immune synapse. Activation by TCR leads to antigen-dependent memory T-cell migration and retention to antigenic tissues. Together with PIK3CG participates in T-cell development. Contributes to T-helper cell expansion and differentiation. Required for T-cell migration mediated by homing receptors SELL/CD62L, CCR7 and S1PR1 and antigen dependent recruitment of T-cells. Together with PIK3CG is involved in natural killer (NK) cell development and migration towards the sites of inflammation. Participates in NK cell receptor activation. Have a role in NK cell maturation and cytokine production. Together with PIK3CG is involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and extravasation. Together with PIK3CG participates in neutrophil respiratory burst. Have important roles in mast-cell development and mast cell mediated allergic response. Involved in stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated proliferation, adhesion and migration. Required for allergen-IgE-induced degranulation and cytokine release. The lipid kinase activity is required for its biological function.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in important cellular functions and represent desirable targets for drug discovery efforts, especially related to oncology; however, the four PI3K subtypes (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) have highly similar binding sites, making the design of selective inhibitors challenging. A series of inhibitors with selectivity toward the beta subtype over delta resulted in compound 3(S), which has entered a phase I/Ib clinical trial for patients with advanced PTEN-deficient cancer. Interestingly, X-ray crystallography revealed that the modifications making inhibitor 3(S) and related compounds selective toward the beta-isoform do not interact directly with either PI3Kbeta or PI3Kdelta, thereby confounding rationalization of the SAR. Here, we apply explicit solvent molecular dynamics and solvent thermodynamic analysis using WaterMap in an effort to understand the unusual affinity and selectivity trends. We find that differences in solvent energetics and water networks, which are modulated upon binding of different ligands, explain the experimental affinity and selectivity trends. This study highlights the critical role of water molecules in molecular recognition and the importance of considering water networks in drug discovery efforts to rationalize and improve selectivity.
Differential Water Thermodynamics Determine PI3K-Beta/Delta Selectivity for Solvent-Exposed Ligand Modifications.,Robinson D, Bertrand T, Carry JC, Halley F, Karlsson A, Mathieu M, Minoux H, Perrin MA, Robert B, Schio L, Sherman W J Chem Inf Model. 2016 May 23;56(5):886-94. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00641. Epub, 2016 May 4. PMID:27144736[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Okkenhaug K, Bilancio A, Farjot G, Priddle H, Sancho S, Peskett E, Pearce W, Meek SE, Salpekar A, Waterfield MD, Smith AJ, Vanhaesebroeck B. Impaired B and T cell antigen receptor signaling in p110delta PI 3-kinase mutant mice. Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1031-4. Epub 2002 Jul 18. PMID:12130661 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1073560
- ↑ Clayton E, Bardi G, Bell SE, Chantry D, Downes CP, Gray A, Humphries LA, Rawlings D, Reynolds H, Vigorito E, Turner M. A crucial role for the p110delta subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in B cell development and activation. J Exp Med. 2002 Sep 16;196(6):753-63. PMID:12235209
- ↑ Ali K, Bilancio A, Thomas M, Pearce W, Gilfillan AM, Tkaczyk C, Kuehn N, Gray A, Giddings J, Peskett E, Fox R, Bruce I, Walker C, Sawyer C, Okkenhaug K, Finan P, Vanhaesebroeck B. Essential role for the p110delta phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the allergic response. Nature. 2004 Oct 21;431(7011):1007-11. PMID:15496927 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02991
- ↑ Webb LM, Vigorito E, Wymann MP, Hirsch E, Turner M. Cutting edge: T cell development requires the combined activities of the p110gamma and p110delta catalytic isoforms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 1;175(5):2783-7. PMID:16116162
- ↑ Jarmin SJ, David R, Ma L, Chai JG, Dewchand H, Takesono A, Ridley AJ, Okkenhaug K, Marelli-Berg FM. T cell receptor-induced phosphoinositide-3-kinase p110delta activity is required for T cell localization to antigenic tissue in mice. J Clin Invest. 2008 Mar;118(3):1154-64. doi: 10.1172/JCI33267. PMID:18259608 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI33267
- ↑ Guo H, Samarakoon A, Vanhaesebroeck B, Malarkannan S. The p110 delta of PI3K plays a critical role in NK cell terminal maturation and cytokine/chemokine generation. J Exp Med. 2008 Sep 29;205(10):2419-35. doi: 10.1084/jem.20072327. Epub 2008 Sep , 22. PMID:18809712 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20072327
- ↑ Saudemont A, Garcon F, Yadi H, Roche-Molina M, Kim N, Segonds-Pichon A, Martin-Fontecha A, Okkenhaug K, Colucci F. p110gamma and p110delta isoforms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase differentially regulate natural killer cell migration in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5795-800. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0808594106. Epub 2009 Mar 18. PMID:19297623 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808594106
- ↑ Robinson D, Bertrand T, Carry JC, Halley F, Karlsson A, Mathieu M, Minoux H, Perrin MA, Robert B, Schio L, Sherman W. Differential Water Thermodynamics Determine PI3K-Beta/Delta Selectivity for Solvent-Exposed Ligand Modifications. J Chem Inf Model. 2016 May 23;56(5):886-94. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00641. Epub, 2016 May 4. PMID:27144736 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00641
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