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6mqg

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Revision as of 06:18, 7 August 2019

Crystal structure of KRAS V14I-GDP demonstrating open switch 1 conformation - Form 1

Structural highlights

6mqg is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:
NonStd Res:
Gene:	KRAS, KRAS2, RASK2 (HUMAN)
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

[RASK_HUMAN] Defects in KRAS are a cause of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [MIM:601626]. AML is a malignant disease in which hematopoietic precursors are arrested in an early stage of development.^[1] Defects in KRAS are a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) [MIM:607785]. JMML is a pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome that constitutes approximately 30% of childhood cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 2% of leukemia. It is characterized by leukocytosis with tissue infiltration and in vitro hypersensitivity of myeloid progenitors to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. Defects in KRAS are the cause of Noonan syndrome type 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942]. Noonan syndrome (NS) [MIM:163950] is a disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, short stature, hypertelorism, cardiac anomalies, deafness, motor delay, and a bleeding diathesis. It is a genetically heterogeneous and relatively common syndrome, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1000-2500 live births. Rarely, NS is associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). NS3 inheritance is autosomal dominant.^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] Defects in KRAS are a cause of gastric cancer (GASC) [MIM:613659]; also called gastric cancer intestinal or stomach cancer. Gastric cancer is a malignant disease which starts in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. The term gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma refers to adenocarcinoma of the stomach that accounts for most of all gastric malignant tumors. Two main histologic types are recognized, diffuse type and intestinal type carcinomas. Diffuse tumors are poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions, resulting in thickening of the stomach. In contrast, intestinal tumors are usually exophytic, often ulcerating, and associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, most often observed in sporadic disease.^[8] ^[9] ^[10] Note=Defects in KRAS are a cause of pylocytic astrocytoma (PA). Pylocytic astrocytomas are neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors.^[11] Defects in KRAS are a cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) [MIM:115150]; also known as cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. CFC syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome. They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with prominent helices. The inheritance of CFC syndrome is autosomal dominant. Note=KRAS mutations are involved in cancer development.

Function

[RASK_HUMAN] Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

RAS regulation and signaling are largely accomplished by direct protein-protein interactions, making RAS protein dynamics a critical determinant of RAS function. Here, we report a crystal structure of GDP-bound KRAS(V14I), a mutated KRAS variant associated with the developmental RASopathy disorder Noonan syndrome (NS), at 1.5-1.6 A resolution. The structure is notable for revealing a marked extension of switch 1 away from the G-domain and nucleotide-binding site of the KRAS protein. We found that this extension is associated with a loss of the magnesium ion and a tilt in the position of the guanine base because of the additional carbon introduced by the isoleucine substitution. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS analysis confirmed that this conformation occurs in solution, but also disclosed a difference in kinetics when compared to KRAS(A146T), another RAS mutant that displays a nearly identical conformation in previously reported crystal structures. This conformational change contributed to a high rate of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-dependent and independent nucleotide exchange and to an increase in affinity for SOS Ras/Rac GEF 1 (SOS1), which appears to be the major mode of activation for this RAS variant. These results highlight a mechanistic connection between KRAS(A146T) and KRAS(V14I) that may have implications for the regulation of these variants and for the development of therapeutic strategies to manage KRAS variant-associated disorders.

Structural basis of the atypical activation mechanism of KRAS V14I.,Bera AK, Lu J, Wales TE, Gondi S, Gurbani D, Nelson A, Engen JR, Westover KD J Biol Chem. 2019 Jul 24. pii: RA119.009131. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009131. PMID:31341022^[12]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Bollag G, Adler F, elMasry N, McCabe PC, Conner E Jr, Thompson P, McCormick F, Shannon K. Biochemical characterization of a novel KRAS insertion mutation from a human leukemia. J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 20;271(51):32491-4. PMID:8955068
↑ Carta C, Pantaleoni F, Bocchinfuso G, Stella L, Vasta I, Sarkozy A, Digilio C, Palleschi A, Pizzuti A, Grammatico P, Zampino G, Dallapiccola B, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M. Germline missense mutations affecting KRAS Isoform B are associated with a severe Noonan syndrome phenotype. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Jul;79(1):129-35. Epub 2006 May 1. PMID:16773572 doi:10.1086/504394
↑ Schubbert S, Zenker M, Rowe SL, Boll S, Klein C, Bollag G, van der Burgt I, Musante L, Kalscheuer V, Wehner LE, Nguyen H, West B, Zhang KY, Sistermans E, Rauch A, Niemeyer CM, Shannon K, Kratz CP. Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome. Nat Genet. 2006 Mar;38(3):331-6. Epub 2006 Feb 12. PMID:16474405 doi:ng1748
↑ Bertola DR, Pereira AC, Brasil AS, Albano LM, Kim CA, Krieger JE. Further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in Costello syndrome: involvement of the KRAS gene. J Hum Genet. 2007;52(6):521-6. Epub 2007 Apr 28. PMID:17468812 doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0146-1
↑ Zenker M, Lehmann K, Schulz AL, Barth H, Hansmann D, Koenig R, Korinthenberg R, Kreiss-Nachtsheim M, Meinecke P, Morlot S, Mundlos S, Quante AS, Raskin S, Schnabel D, Wehner LE, Kratz CP, Horn D, Kutsche K. Expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum in patients with KRAS germline mutations. J Med Genet. 2007 Feb;44(2):131-5. Epub 2006 Oct 20. PMID:17056636 doi:10.1136/jmg.2006.046300
↑ Kratz CP, Zampino G, Kriek M, Kant SG, Leoni C, Pantaleoni F, Oudesluys-Murphy AM, Di Rocco C, Kloska SP, Tartaglia M, Zenker M. Craniosynostosis in patients with Noonan syndrome caused by germline KRAS mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 2009 May;149A(5):1036-40. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32786. PMID:19396835 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32786
↑ Gremer L, Merbitz-Zahradnik T, Dvorsky R, Cirstea IC, Kratz CP, Zenker M, Wittinghofer A, Ahmadian MR. Germline KRAS mutations cause aberrant biochemical and physical properties leading to developmental disorders. Hum Mutat. 2011 Jan;32(1):33-43. doi: 10.1002/humu.21377. Epub 2010 Dec 9. PMID:20949621 doi:10.1002/humu.21377
↑ Deng GR, Lu YY, Chen SM, Miao J, Lu GR, Li H, Cai H, Xu XL, E Z, Liu PN. Activated c-Ha-ras oncogene with a guanine to thymine transversion at the twelfth codon in a human stomach cancer cell line. Cancer Res. 1987 Jun 15;47(12):3195-8. PMID:3034404
↑ Lee KH, Lee JS, Suh C, Kim SW, Kim SB, Lee JH, Lee MS, Park MY, Sun HS, Kim SH. Clinicopathologic significance of the K-ras gene codon 12 point mutation in stomach cancer. An analysis of 140 cases. Cancer. 1995 Jun 15;75(12):2794-801. PMID:7773929
↑ Lee SH, Lee JW, Soung YH, Kim HS, Park WS, Kim SY, Lee JH, Park JY, Cho YG, Kim CJ, Nam SW, Kim SH, Lee JY, Yoo NJ. BRAF and KRAS mutations in stomach cancer. Oncogene. 2003 Oct 9;22(44):6942-5. PMID:14534542 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206749
↑ Motojima K, Urano T, Nagata Y, Shiku H, Tsurifune T, Kanematsu T. Detection of point mutations in the Kirsten-ras oncogene provides evidence for the multicentricity of pancreatic carcinoma. Ann Surg. 1993 Feb;217(2):138-43. PMID:8439212
↑ Bera AK, Lu J, Wales TE, Gondi S, Gurbani D, Nelson A, Engen JR, Westover KD. Structural basis of the atypical activation mechanism of KRAS V14I. J Biol Chem. 2019 Jul 24. pii: RA119.009131. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009131. PMID:31341022 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.009131

1 Structural highlights
2 Disease
3 Function
4 Publication Abstract from PubMed
5 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/6mqg"

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 <StructureSection load='6mqg' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6mqg]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.50&Aring;' scene=''>
 == Structural highlights ==
-<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6mqg]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6MQG OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6MQG FirstGlance]. <br>
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6mqg]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6MQG OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6MQG FirstGlance]. <br>
 </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GDP:GUANOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>GDP</scene></td></tr>
 <tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene></td></tr>
+<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">KRAS, KRAS2, RASK2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
 <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6mqg FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6mqg OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6mqg PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6mqg RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6mqg PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6mqg ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
 == Function ==
 [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RASK_HUMAN RASK_HUMAN]] Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity.
+<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
+== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
+RAS regulation and signaling are largely accomplished by direct protein-protein interactions, making RAS protein dynamics a critical determinant of RAS function. Here, we report a crystal structure of GDP-bound KRAS(V14I), a mutated KRAS variant associated with the developmental RASopathy disorder Noonan syndrome (NS), at 1.5-1.6 A resolution. The structure is notable for revealing a marked extension of switch 1 away from the G-domain and nucleotide-binding site of the KRAS protein. We found that this extension is associated with a loss of the magnesium ion and a tilt in the position of the guanine base because of the additional carbon introduced by the isoleucine substitution. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS analysis confirmed that this conformation occurs in solution, but also disclosed a difference in kinetics when compared to KRAS(A146T), another RAS mutant that displays a nearly identical conformation in previously reported crystal structures. This conformational change contributed to a high rate of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-dependent and independent nucleotide exchange and to an increase in affinity for SOS Ras/Rac GEF 1 (SOS1), which appears to be the major mode of activation for this RAS variant. These results highlight a mechanistic connection between KRAS(A146T) and KRAS(V14I) that may have implications for the regulation of these variants and for the development of therapeutic strategies to manage KRAS variant-associated disorders.
+Structural basis of the atypical activation mechanism of KRAS V14I.,Bera AK, Lu J, Wales TE, Gondi S, Gurbani D, Nelson A, Engen JR, Westover KD J Biol Chem. 2019 Jul 24. pii: RA119.009131. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009131. PMID:31341022<ref>PMID:31341022</ref>
+From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
+</div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 6mqg" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 == References ==
 <references/>
 __TOC__
 </StructureSection>
+[[Category: Human]]
 [[Category: Large Structures]]
 [[Category: Bera, A K]]

6mqg

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 06:18, 7 August 2019

Crystal structure of KRAS V14I-GDP demonstrating open switch 1 conformation - Form 1

Structural highlights

Disease

Function

Publication Abstract from PubMed

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

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