| Structural highlights
Function
[RIPK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans, NOD1 and NOD2 are activated, oligomerize and recruit RIPK2 through CARD-CARD domains. Once recruited, RIPK2 autophosphorylates and undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligases BIRC2 and BIRC3. The polyubiquitinated protein mediates the recruitment of MAP3K7/TAK1 to IKBKG/NEMO and induces 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of IKBKG/NEMO and subsequent activation of IKBKB/IKKB. In turn, NF-kappa-B is released from NF-kappa-B inhibitors and translocates into the nucleus where it activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. Plays also a role during engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in promoting BCL10 phosphorylation and subsequent NF-kappa-B activation.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
RIPK2 mediates pro-inflammatory signaling from the bacterial sensors NOD1 and NOD2, and is an emerging therapeutic target in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We observed that cellular RIPK2 can be potently inhibited by type II inhibitors that displace the kinase activation segment, whereas ATP-competitive type I inhibition was only poorly effective. The most potent RIPK2 inhibitors were the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs ponatinib and regorafenib. Their mechanism of action was independent of NOD2 interaction and involved loss of downstream kinase activation as evidenced by lack of RIPK2 autophosphorylation. Notably, these molecules also blocked RIPK2 ubiquitination and, consequently, inflammatory nuclear factor kappaB signaling. In monocytes, the inhibitors selectively blocked NOD-dependent tumor necrosis factor production without affecting lipopolysaccharide-dependent pathways. We also determined the first crystal structure of RIPK2 bound to ponatinib, and identified an allosteric site for inhibitor development. These results highlight the potential for type II inhibitors to treat indications of RIPK2 activation as well as inflammation-associated cancers.
Inflammatory Signaling by NOD-RIPK2 Is Inhibited by Clinically Relevant Type II Kinase Inhibitors.,Canning P, Ruan Q, Schwerd T, Hrdinka M, Maki JL, Saleh D, Suebsuwong C, Ray S, Brennan PE, Cuny GD, Uhlig HH, Gyrd-Hansen M, Degterev A, Bullock AN Chem Biol. 2015 Sep 17;22(9):1174-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.017. Epub, 2015 Aug 27. PMID:26320862[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Ruefli-Brasse AA, Lee WP, Hurst S, Dixit VM. Rip2 participates in Bcl10 signaling and T-cell receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 9;279(2):1570-4. Epub 2003 Nov 24. PMID:14638696 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C300460200
- ↑ Manon F, Favier A, Nunez G, Simorre JP, Cusack S. Solution structure of NOD1 CARD and mutational analysis of its interaction with the CARD of downstream kinase RICK. J Mol Biol. 2007 Jan 5;365(1):160-74. Epub 2006 Sep 29. PMID:17054981 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.067
- ↑ Hasegawa M, Fujimoto Y, Lucas PC, Nakano H, Fukase K, Nunez G, Inohara N. A critical role of RICK/RIP2 polyubiquitination in Nod-induced NF-kappaB activation. EMBO J. 2008 Jan 23;27(2):373-83. Epub 2007 Dec 13. PMID:18079694 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601962
- ↑ Tigno-Aranjuez JT, Asara JM, Abbott DW. Inhibition of RIP2's tyrosine kinase activity limits NOD2-driven cytokine responses. Genes Dev. 2010 Dec 1;24(23):2666-77. doi: 10.1101/gad.1964410. PMID:21123652 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1964410
- ↑ Canning P, Ruan Q, Schwerd T, Hrdinka M, Maki JL, Saleh D, Suebsuwong C, Ray S, Brennan PE, Cuny GD, Uhlig HH, Gyrd-Hansen M, Degterev A, Bullock AN. Inflammatory Signaling by NOD-RIPK2 Is Inhibited by Clinically Relevant Type II Kinase Inhibitors. Chem Biol. 2015 Sep 17;22(9):1174-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.017. Epub, 2015 Aug 27. PMID:26320862 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.017
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