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Beta-2 microglobulin

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{{STRUCTURE_3mrb| PDB=3mrb | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Human β-2 microglobulin (green) complex with MHC I (grey) and HCMV PP65 nonapeptide (cyan), [[3mrb]] }}
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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='45/459284/Cv/1' caption='Human β-2 microglobulin (green) complex with MHC I (magenta) and HCMV PP65 nonapeptide (cyan), [[3mrb]]'>
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[[Beta-2 microglobulin]] ('''B2M''') is a component of MHC class I system. B2M associates with MHC class I α chain, CD1 and Qa. Loss of B2M function causes iron excess. <ref>PMID:21131979</ref> For more details, see: [[Human beta two microglobulin]] and [[Molecular playground/beta 2 microglobulin]].
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<br/>
[[Image:MHC Class 1.png|thumb|200px|left|Diagram of MHC I Complex]]
[[Image:MHC Class 1.png|thumb|200px|left|Diagram of MHC I Complex]]
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{{Clear}}
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== Disease ==
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Elevated B2M levels are found in patients of liver cirrhosis<ref>PMID:3884477</ref> and hepatitis<ref>PMID:29221492</ref>. Dialysis-associated amyloidosis is a serious complication in chronic dialysis patients. It is caused by B2M fibrils amyloid deposits<ref>PMID:10737162</ref>.
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== Relevance ==
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B2M is used as a marker for certain types of blood cell cancer. It can indicate the spread and severity of myeloma.
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== Structural Highlights ==
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<scene name='45/459284/Cv/2'>Human β-2 microglobulin with MHC class I HLA-A2 and HCMV PP65 nonapeptide</scene> ([[3mrb]]).
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[[Beta-2 microglobulin]] ('''B2M''') is a component of MHC class I system. B2M associates with MHC class I α chain, CD1 and Qa. Loss of B2M function causes iron excess. For more details, see: [[Human beta two microglobulin]].
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<br/>
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{{TOC limit|limit=2}}
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== 3D Structures of β-2 microglobulin ==
== 3D Structures of β-2 microglobulin ==
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[[Beta-2 microglobulin 3D structures]]
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''Update June 2012''
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</StructureSection>
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[[3na4]], [[3myz]], [[3ib4]], [[3ekc]], [[3dhj]], [[3dhm]], [[3ciq]], [[2z9t]], [[2d4d]], [[2f8o]], [[1py4]] - hβ-2-microglobulin (mutant) – human<BR />
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[[3qda]] - hβ-2-microglobulin residues 21-119 (mutant) <BR />
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[[2xks]], [[2xku]], [[1jnj]] - hβ-2-microglobulin – NMR<BR />
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[[2vb5]] - hβ-2-microglobulin (mutant) – NMR<BR />
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[[2e8d]] - hβ-2-microglobulin residues 40-61 - NMR<BR />
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[[3low]], [[2yxf]], [[2d4f]], [[1lds]] - hβ-2-microglobulin<BR />
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[[3gbl]] - β-2-microglobulin residues 1-97 - grass carp<BR />
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[[1bmg]] - bβ-2-microglobulin - bovine<br />
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[[3loz]] - β-2-microglobulin – synthetic<br />
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[[3o81]] - cβ-2-microglobulin - chicken
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===B2M in binary complex with MHC===
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[[1zs8]], [[1u58]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC I – mouse<BR />
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[[1r3h]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC II extracellular domain<BR />
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[[2hla]], [[3hla]], [[1hla]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I<BR />
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[[3p73]], [[3p77]] - cβ-2-microglobulin + cMHC I <br />
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[[1pdq]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + MCMV M144<br />
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[[1z5l]], [[3au1]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D
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===B2M in binary complex with CD1===
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[[3s6c]] - hβ-2-microglobulin/hCD1E<BR />
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[[3t8x]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hCD1B<br />
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[[3u0p]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hCD1D (mutant)<br />
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[[3ma7]], [[3ilp]], [[3ilq]], [[3g08]], [[3gml]], [[3gmm]], [[3gmn]], [[3gmo]], [[3gmp]], [[3gmq]], [[3gmr]], [[1zhn]], [[3t1f]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D1<BR />
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[[2gaz]], [[2fik]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D1 extracellular domain<BR />
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[[2akr]] - mβ-2-microglobulin residues 21-119+ CD1D1 extracellular domain<BR />
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[[2h26]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + CD1B extracellular domain<BR />
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[[3l9r]] - bβ-2-microglobulin + CD1B3<BR />
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[[3jvg]] - cβ-2-microglobulin + CD1A1 ectodomain<BR />
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===B2M in binary complex with other molecules===
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[[1exu]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + Fc receptor<BR />
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[[3fru]] - rβ-2-microglobulin + Fc receptor - rat<BR />
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[[1c16]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + protein T22<BR />
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[[1a6z]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hemochromatosis protein<BR />
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[[2x89]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + antibody<BR />
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[[3mzt]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + thioflavin
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===B2M in ternary complex with MHC===
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[[2yf6]], [[3bew]] – cβ-2-microglobulin + cMHC I α + peptide<br />
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[[2xfx]] - bβ-2-microglobulin + MHC I α + peptide<br />
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[[3jts]], [[3jtt]], [[1zvs]], [[3rwc]], [[3rwd]], [[3rwe]], [[3rwf]], [[3rwg]], [[3rwh]], [[3rwi]], [[3rwj]] - β-2-microglobulin + MHC I α + peptide – Macaca mulatta<BR />
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[[3kpn]], [[3kpo]] – hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I B + peptide<br />
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[[3bev]], [[1kpr]], [[1k5n]], [[3nfn]], [[3mr9]], [[3mrb]], [[3mrc]], [[3mrd]], [[3mre]], [[3mrf]], [[3mrg]], [[3mrh]], [[3mri]], [[3mrj]], [[3mrk]], [[3mrl]], [[3mrm]], [[3mrn]], [[3mro]], [[3mrp]], [[3mrq]], [[3mrr]], [[3ox8]], [[3oxr]], [[3oxs]], [[2xpg]], [[3pwj]], [[3pwl]], [[3pwn]], [[3pwp]], [[2x70]], [[3o3a]], [[3o3b]], [[3o3d]], [[3o3e]], [[3lv3]], [[3ln4]], [[3ln5]], [[3myj]], [[3i6l]], [[3lkn]], [[3lko]], [[3lkp]], [[3lkq]], [[3lkr]], [[3lks]], [[3hpj]], [[3i6g]], [[3i6k]], [[3mgo]], [[3mgt]], [[3l3d]], [[3l3g]], [[3l3h]], [[3l3i]], [[3l3j]], [[3l3k]], [[2x4n]], [[2x4o]], [[2x4p]], [[2x4q]], [[2x4r]], [[2x4s]], [[2x4t]], [[2x4u]], [[3lka]], [[3h7b]], [[3kpl]], [[3kpm]], [[3kpn]], [[3kpo]], [[3kpp]], [[3kpq]], [[3kpr]], [[3kps]], [[3giv]], [[3hcv]], [[3d18]], [[3dtx]], [[3czf]], [[3fqn]], [[3fqr]], [[3fqt]], [[3fqu]], [[3fqw]], [[3fqx]], [[3d25]], [[3bvn]], [[3dx6]], [[3dx7]], [[3dx8]], [[3dxa]], [[3bo8]], [[3bp4]], [[3bp7]], [[3bgm]], [[3bh8]], [[3bh9]], [[3bhb]], [[3b3i]], [[3b6s]], [[2rfx]], [[3bze]], [[3bzf]], [[3bw9]], [[3bwa]], [[3c9n]], [[2v2w]], [[2v2x]], [[2gt9]], [[2gtw]], [[2gtz]], [[2guo]], [[2nw3]], [[2fyy]], [[2fz3]], [[2hn7]], [[2cik]], [[2git]], [[2hjk]], [[2hjl]], [[2h6p]], [[2d31]], [[2c7u]], [[2bck]], [[2a83]], [[2axf]], [[2axg]], [[2bvo]], [[2bvp]], [[2bvq]], [[1s8d]], [[1t1w]], [[1t1x]], [[1t1y]], [[1t1z]], [[1t20]], [[1t21]], [[1t22]], [[1s7q]], [[1zsd]], [[2bsr]], [[2bss]], [[2bst]], [[1zhk]], [[1zhl]], [[1tvb]], [[1tvh]], [[1xr8]], [[1xr9]], [[1w0v]], [[1w0w]], [[1xh3]], [[1uxs]], [[1uxw]], [[1s9w]], [[1s9x]], [[1s9y]], [[1q94]], [[1qvo]], [[1n2r]], [[1ogt]], [[1qew]], [[1jge]], [[1k5n]], [[1i7r]], [[1i7t]], [[1i7u]], [[1jf1]], [[1jht]], [[1i4f]], [[1e27]], [[1e28]], [[1i1y]], [[1i1f]], [[1qqd]], [[1mhe]], [[1b0g]], [[1a9b]], [[1a9e]], [[1a1m]], [[1a1n]], [[1a1o]], [[1tmc]], [[2clr]], [[1hhg]], [[1hhh]], [[1hhi]], [[1hhj]], [[1hhk]], [[1hsb]], [[1hsa]], [[3kla]], [[3giv]], [[3d18]], [[3bxn]], [[1x7q]], [[1ydp]], [[1sys]], [[1of2]], [[1jgd]], [[1eey]], [[1eez]], [[1duy]], [[1duz]], [[1agb]], [[1agc]], [[1agd]], [[1age]], [[1agf]], [[3am8]], [[3qfd]], [[3rew]], [[3rl1]], [[3rl2]], [[3skm]], [[3sko]], [[3utq]], [[3uts]], [[3utt]], [[3vfm]], [[3vfn]], [[3vfo]], [[3vfp]], [[3vfr]], [[3vfs]], [[3vft]], [[3vfu]], [[3vfv]], [[3vfw]], [[3vh8]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + peptide<br />
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[[1ktl]], [[3kww]], [[3h9h]], [[3ixa]], [[3gso]], [[3gsq]], [[3gsr]], [[3gsu]], [[3gsv]], [[3gsw]], [[3gsx]], [[3ft2]], [[3ft3]], [[3ft4]], [[2av1]], [[2av7]], [[1cg9]], [[1m05]], [[1m6o]], [[1kpr]], [[1ktl]], [[3kyn]], [[3kyo]], [[1qr1]] - β-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α (mutant) + peptide<br />
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[[1syv]], [[1n2r]] - β-2-microglobulin + hMHC I + hMHC II peptide<br />
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[[1kjv]], [[1kjm]], [[1ed3]] – rβ-2-microglobulin + MHC I α + peptide<br />
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[[3bev]], [[3bew]], [[2yf6]], [[2yf1]], [[2yez]], [[2yf5]] - cβ-2-microglobulin + cMHC I α + peptide<br />
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[[1kbg]], [[3l3h]], [[3ftg]], [[3e6f]], [[3ecb]], [[3ch1]], [[3cch]], [[3cc5]], [[3cpl]], [[2zsv]], [[2zsw]], [[2zok]], [[2zol]], [[3buy]], [[2ve6]], [[2e7l]], [[2fo4]], [[2cii]], [[2fwo]], [[2f74]], [[1zt1]], [[1zt7]], [[1vgk]], [[1yn6]], [[1yn7]], [[1zhb]], [[1wbx]], [[1wby]], [[1wbz]], [[1rjy]], [[1rjz]], [[1rk0]], [[1rk1]], [[1t0m]], [[1t0n]], [[1s7q]], [[1s7r]], [[1s7s]], [[1s7t]], [[1s7u]], [[1s7v]], [[1s7w]], [[1s7x]], [[1lk2]], [[1kpu]], [[1kpv]], [[1n3n]], [[1nan]], [[1n59]], [[1n5a]], [[1ffn]], [[1ffo]], [[1ffp]], [[1g7p]], [[1g7q]], [[1lek]], [[1leg]], [[1inq]], [[1juf]], [[1k8d]], [[1jpf]], [[1jpg]], [[1fg2]], [[1qlf]], [[1bz9]], [[1kbg]], [[1hoc]], [[2mha]], [[1vad]], [[1vac]], [[3fol]], [[3fom]], [[3fon]], [[1ce6]], [[1osz]], [[1bii]], [[1ld9]], [[2vaa]], [[2vab]], [[3p4m]], [[3p4n]], [[3p4o]], [[3p9l]], [[3p9m]], [[3pab]], [[3pwu]], [[3pwv]], [[3quk]], [[3qul]], [[3rol]], [[3roo]], [[3vj6]]- mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC I + peptide<br />
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[[2qri]], [[3nwm]] - mβ-2-microglobulin/mMHC I/peptide<br />
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[[2qrs]], [[2qrt]] - mβ-2-microglobulin/mMHC I (mutant )/peptide<br />
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[[1mhc]], [[2clv]], [[2clz]], [[1fzj]], [[1fzk]], [[1fzm]], [[1fzo]], [[1ddh]] – mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC I (mutant) + peptide<br />
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[[1ypz]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC II + T cell receptorbr />
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[[3qq3]], [[3qq4]] - β-2-microglobulin + MHC I + peptide - pig
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===B2M in ternary complex with CD1===
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[[3qux]], [[3quy]], [[3quz]], [[3o8x]], [[3o9w]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + T cell receptor + CD1D1<BR />
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[[2po6]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + T cell receptor NKT15 + CD1D1<BR />
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[[3sdx]], [[3tzv]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + T cell receptor NKT V + CD1D1<br />
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[[3dbx]] - cβ-2-microglobulin + CD1-2 + fatty acid<BR />
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[[1zhn]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D1 + phosphatidylcholine<BR />
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[[1zt4]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D1 + ceramide derivative<br />
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[[3qi9]], [[3scm]], [[3sda]], [[3sdc]], [[3ta3]], [[3tn0]], [[3to4]], [[3tvm]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + T cell receptor NKT V + CD1D1<br />
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[[3rtq]], [[3rzc]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + T cell receptor I-NKT + CD1D1<br />
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[[3ubx]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + FAB + CD1D1<br />
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[[1xz0]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + CD1A + lipopeptide<br />
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[[1onq]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + CD1A + sulfatide<br />
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[[1uqs]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + CD1B + glycolipid<BR />
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[[1gzp]], [[1gzq]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + CD1B + ceramide derivative<br />
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[[1nez]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC I + CD8 α chain
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===B2M in ternary complex with other molecules===
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[[1i1a]], [[1frt]] - rβ-2-microglobulin + Fc receptor + Fc fragment<BR />
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[[1de4]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hemochromatosis protein + transferring receptor<BR />
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[[3m17]], [[3m1b]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + FcRn+ peptide<br />
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===B2M in quaternary complex with MHC===
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[[3qdg]], [[3qdj]], [[3qdm]], [[3qeq]], [[3mv7]], [[3mv8]], [[3mv9]], [[3h9s]], [[3gsn]], [[3d39]], [[3d3v]], [[3ffc]], [[2vlj]], [[2vlk]], [[2vll]], [[2vlr]], [[2j8u]], [[2p5e]], [[2p5w]], [[2pye]], [[2gj6]], [[2f54]], [[2esv]], [[2bnq]], [[2bnr]], [[1lp9]], [[1oga]], [[1mi5]], [[1qrn]], [[2nx5]], [[2ak4]], [[1qse]], [[1qsf]], [[1bd2]], [[1ao7]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + T cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[3kxf]], [[3mv8]], [[2jcc]], [[2uwe]] - β-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α (mutant) + T cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[3sjv]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + T cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[2f53]] - β-2-microglobulin (mutant) + hMHC I α + T cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[1p7q]], [[1im9]] - β-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor + peptide<br />
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[[2dyp]] - β-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α (mutant) + leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor + peptide<br />
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[[3qzw]], [[3dmm]], [[1bqh]], [[1akj]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + CD8 α + peptide<br />
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[[1im3]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + cytomegalovirus protein US2 + peptide<br />
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[[3cii]], [[3cdg]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + CD94 ectodomain + NKG2A/NKG2B integral membrane protein + peptide<br />
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[[3hae]], [[3gjf]], [[3cvh]], [[1w72]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I α + antibody + peptide<br />
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[[1g6r]], [[2ckb]], [[3pqy]], [[2z31]], [[1nam]], [[1mwa]], [[1g6r]], [[2ckb]], [[2ol3]], [[1kj2]], [[1kj3]], [[1fo0]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC I + T cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[2oi9]], [[3rgv]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + mMHC I (mutant) + T cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[1p1z]], [[1p4l]], [[1qo3]], [[1efx]] - β-2-microglobulin + mMHC I + natural killer cell receptor + peptide<br />
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[[3c8k]] - β-2-microglobulin + mMHC I (mutant) + natural killer cell receptor LY49C + peptide<br />
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[[3o4l]] - hβ-2-microglobulin +MHC I + BSLF2/BMLF1 + T cell receptor<BR />
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[[3hg1]] - hβ-2-microglobulin +MHC I + cancer/MART-1+ T cell receptor<BR />
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[[3gjf]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I + antibody + peptide<br />
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[[3qfj]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + hMHC I + A6 + peptide
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===B2M in quaternary complex with CD1===
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[[2q7y]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D1 + ceramide derivative + fatty acid<BR />
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[[3arb]], [[3ard]], [[3are]], [[3arf]], [[3arg]], [[3he6]], [[3he7]], [[3huj]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + T cell receptor NKT + CD1D1 + ceramide derivative<br />
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[[3rug]] - mβ-2-microglobulin + CD1D1 + VALPHA10-Vβ8
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===B2M in quaternary complex with other molecules===
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[[3d2u]] - hβ-2-microglobulin + UL18 + leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor + peptide<br />
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== References ==
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<references/>

Current revision

Human β-2 microglobulin (green) complex with MHC I (magenta) and HCMV PP65 nonapeptide (cyan), 3mrb

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Liu C, Sawaya MR, Eisenberg D. beta-microglobulin forms three-dimensional domain-swapped amyloid fibrils with disulfide linkages. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Jan;18(1):49-55. Epub 2010 Dec 5. PMID:21131979 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1948
  2. ↑ Nyberg A, Loof L, Hallgren R. Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1985 Mar-Apr;5(2):282-5. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840050222. PMID:3884477 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840050222
  3. ↑ Okoror LE, Ajayi AO, Ijalana OB. Elevated serum beta2-microglobulin in individuals coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus in a rural settings in Southwest Nigeria. BMC Res Notes. 2017 Dec 8;10(1):719. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-3015-9. PMID:29221492 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-3015-9
  4. ↑ Drueke TB. Beta2-microglobulin and amyloidosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15 Suppl 1:17-24. doi:, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027958. PMID:10737162 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027958

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Alexander Berchansky, David Canner

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