Lipids: structure and classification

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[[es:Lipids: structure and classification (spanish)]]
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[[es:Lipids: structure and classification (Spanish)]]
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<StructureSection load='Insert PDB code or filename here' size='800' side='right' caption='' scene='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/1'>
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<StructureSection load='Insert PDB code or filename here' size='500' side='right' caption='' scene='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/1'>
:'''Lipids'''.
:'''Lipids'''.
*'''Fatty acids'''.-
*'''Fatty acids'''.-
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**<scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/6'>Palmitic acid</scene>, a saturated 16 carbon fatty acid. Look its <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/3'>carboxyle group</scene>, an its <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/5'>long hydrocarbon chain</scene>.
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**<scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/6'>Palmitic acid</scene>, a saturated 16 carbon fatty acid. Notice its <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/3'>carboxyl group</scene>, and its <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/5'>long hydrocarbon chain</scene>.
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**<scene name='60/603296/Oleico/1'>Oleic acid</scene>, a ''monounsaturated'' 16 carbon fatty acid. Most monounsaturated natural fatty acids are <scene name='60/603296/Oleico/2'>cis-unsaturated</scene>.
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**<scene name='60/603296/Oleico/1'>Oleic acid</scene>, a ''monounsaturated'' 18 carbon fatty acid. Most monounsaturated natural fatty acids are <scene name='60/603296/Oleico/2'>cis-unsaturated</scene>.
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**<scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/1'>Linoleic acid</scene>, a ''polyunsaturated'' 16 carbon fatty acid. con <scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/2'>two double bounds</scene> with ''cis'' configuration.
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**<scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/1'>Linoleic acid</scene>, a ''polyunsaturated'' 18 carbon fatty acid. This fatty acid has <scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/2'>two double bounds</scene> with ''cis'' configuration.
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**<scene name='60/603296/Linolenico/2'>Linolenic acid</scene>, another ''polyunsaturated'' 16 carbon fatty acid with <scene name='60/603296/Linolenico/4'>three double bounds</scene>
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**<scene name='60/603296/Linolenico/2'>Linolenic acid</scene>, another ''polyunsaturated'' 18 carbon fatty acid with <scene name='60/603296/Linolenico/4'>three double bounds</scene>
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*'''Saponifiables lipids'''.-
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*'''Saponifiable lipids'''.-
**<scene name='60/603296/Triglicerido/1'>Triglycerides</scene>.- Zoom on <scene name='60/603296/Triglicerido/6'>triglyceride structure</scene>.
**<scene name='60/603296/Triglicerido/1'>Triglycerides</scene>.- Zoom on <scene name='60/603296/Triglicerido/6'>triglyceride structure</scene>.
**'''Waxes'''.- for instance <scene name='72/721496/Cera/1'>bee wax</scene>.
**'''Waxes'''.- for instance <scene name='72/721496/Cera/1'>bee wax</scene>.
**<scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/2'>Phosphoglycerides</scene>.- lipids composed of <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/3'>glycerol</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/4'>two fatty acids</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/6'>phosphoric acid</scene> and a polar compound like <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/7'>ethanolamine</scene>.
**<scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/2'>Phosphoglycerides</scene>.- lipids composed of <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/3'>glycerol</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/4'>two fatty acids</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/6'>phosphoric acid</scene> and a polar compound like <scene name='60/603296/Fosfoglicerido/7'>ethanolamine</scene>.
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**'''Sphingolipids'''.- all o them include in their structure the ''amino alcohol'' <scene name='72/721496/Esfingosina/1'>sphingosine</scene>. Sphingosine bind to a fatty acid to yield <scene name='60/603296/ceramide/1'>ceramida</scene>, the common structural feature of all sphingolipids.
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**'''Sphingolipids'''.- all of them include in their structure the ''amino alcohol'' <scene name='72/721496/Esfingosina/1'>sphingosine</scene>. Sphingosine bind to a fatty acid to yield <scene name='60/603296/Ceramida/1'>ceramide</scene>, the common structural feature of all sphingolipids.
*'''Unsaponifiable lipids'''.-
*'''Unsaponifiable lipids'''.-
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**'''Terpenes'''.- they are polymers of the 5 carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon named <scene name='60/603296/Isopreno/2'>isopreno</scene> (2-methyl-1,3 butadiene). Some terpenes are <scene name='60/603296/Bcaroten/2'>beta-carotene</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Licopeno/1'>lycopene</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Geraniol/2'>geraniol</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Resveratrol/1'>resveratrol</scene>, and <scene name='60/603296/Thc/1'>tetrahydrocannabinol</scene>.
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**'''Terpenes'''.- they are polymers of the 5 carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon named <scene name='60/603296/Isopreno/2'>isoprene</scene> (2-methyl-1,3 butadiene). Some terpenes are <scene name='60/603296/Bcaroten/2'>beta-carotene</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Licopeno/1'>lycopene</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Geraniol/2'>geraniol</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Resveratrol/1'>resveratrol</scene>, and <scene name='60/603296/Thc/1'>tetrahydrocannabinol</scene>.
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**'''Steroids'''.- Some steroids are <scene name='60/603296/Colesterol/1'>cholesterol</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Testosterona/1'>testosterone</scene> y <scene name='60/603296/Estradiol/1'>estradiol</scene>). <scene name='72/721496/Vitaminad/1'>vitamin D</scene> is also a steroid.
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**'''Steroids'''.- Some steroids are <scene name='60/603296/Colesterol/1'>cholesterol</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Testosterona/1'>testosterone</scene> and <scene name='60/603296/Estradiol/1'>estradiol</scene>. <scene name='72/721496/Vitaminad/1'>vitamin D</scene> is also a steroid.
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**'''Icosanoides'''.- Son lípidos que derivan de la ciclación, entre los carbonos 8 y 12, y porterior oxidación del ácido graso poliinsaturado de 20 carbonos denominado <scene name='72/721496/Araquidonico/1'>ácido araquidónico</scene>. Existen diferentes tipos de ''icosanoides'', como los ''tromboxanos'', los ''leucotrienos'' y las <scene name='72/721496/Prostaglandinas/2'>prostaglandinas</scene> . Tienen funciones de naturaleza hormonal y reguladora coordinando distintos tipos de procesos en el organismo. En particular las prostaglandinas participan en el control de la respuesta inflamatoria en los tejidos animales.
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**'''Eicosanoids'''.- They are derived from unsaturated 20 carbon fatty acid named <scene name='72/721496/Araquidonico/1'>arachidonic acid</scene>. <scene name='72/721496/Prostaglandinas/2'>Prostaglandins</scene> are a class of eicosanoids.
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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==See Also==
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* [[Lipids: structure and classification (spanish)|Lípidos: estructura y clasificación]]
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* [[Gramicidin Channel in Lipid Bilayer]] / [[Canal de gramicidina en bicapa lipídica (Spanish)]]
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* [http://www.umass.edu/microbio/chime/javahelp.htm?img=an_bilw.gif&title=Lipid_Bilayers_and_Membrane_Channel&url=biomodel.uah.es/en/model2/bilayer/inicio.htm&status=both& Lipid bilayers and gramicidin channel] includes models of gel and liquid forms of bilayers. / [http://biomodel.uah.es/model2/bicapa/inicio.htm Modelo de bicapa lipídica y canal de gramicidina]
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== References ==
== References ==
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*Molecular models in this page were created or modificated from ''pdb'' files by [[User:Alejandro Porto|Alejandro Porto]] using the tool JSME Molecular Editor [http://biomodel.uah.es/en/DIY/JSME/draw.es.htm]
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*Molecular models in this page were created or modified from [[PDB files]] by [[User:Alejandro Porto|Alejandro Porto]] using the tool JSME Molecular Editor [http://biomodel.uah.es/en/DIY/JSME/draw.es.htm]
<references/>
<references/>

Current revision

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See Also

References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alejandro Porto, Eric Martz, Joel L. Sussman, Karsten Theis

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