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Structural highlights

Disease

[CTC1_HUMAN] Coats plus syndrome;Dyskeratosis congenita. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

[TEN1L_HUMAN] Component of the CST complex, a complex that binds to single-stranded DNA and is required to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. In addition to telomere protection, the CST complex has probably a more general role in DNA metabolism at non-telomeric sites. [CTC1_HUMAN] Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. Initially the CST complex has been proposed to protect telomeres from DNA degradation (PubMed:19854130). However, the CST complex has been shown to be involved in several aspects of telomere replication. The CST complex inhibits telomerase and is involved in telomere length homeostasis; it is proposed to bind to newly telomerase-synthesized 3' overhangs and to terminate telomerase action implicating the association with the ACD:POT1 complex thus interfering with its telomerase stimulation activity. The CST complex is also proposed to be involved in fill-in synthesis of the telomeric C-strand probably implicating recruitment and activation of DNA polymerase alpha (PubMed:22763445). The CST complex facilitates recovery from many forms of exogenous DNA damage; seems to be involved in the re-initiation of DNA replication at repaired forks and/or dormant origins (PubMed:25483097). Involved in telomere maintenance (PubMed:19854131, PubMed:22863775). Involved in genome stability (PubMed:22863775). May be in involved in telomeric C-strand fill-in during late S/G2 phase (By similarity).[UniProtKB:Q5SUQ9]^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} [STN1_HUMAN] Component of the CST complex, a complex that binds to single-stranded DNA and is required to protect telomeres from DNA degradation. The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. In addition to telomere protection, the CST complex has probably a more general role in DNA metabolism at non-telomeric sites.^{[6] [7]}

References

1. ↑ Miyake Y, Nakamura M, Nabetani A, Shimamura S, Tamura M, Yonehara S, Saito M, Ishikawa F. RPA-like mammalian Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1 complex binds to single-stranded DNA and protects telomeres independently of the Pot1 pathway. Mol Cell. 2009 Oct 23;36(2):193-206. PMID:19854130 doi:S1097-2765(09)00587-5
2. ↑ Surovtseva YV, Churikov D, Boltz KA, Song X, Lamb JC, Warrington R, Leehy K, Heacock M, Price CM, Shippen DE. Conserved telomere maintenance component 1 interacts with STN1 and maintains chromosome ends in higher eukaryotes. Mol Cell. 2009 Oct 23;36(2):207-18. PMID:19854131 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S1097-2765(09)00675-3
3. ↑ Chen LY, Redon S, Lingner J. The human CST complex is a terminator of telomerase activity. Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):540-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11269. PMID:22763445 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11269
4. ↑ Stewart JA, Wang F, Chaiken MF, Kasbek C, Chastain PD 2nd, Wright WE, Price CM. Human CST promotes telomere duplex replication and general replication restart after fork stalling. EMBO J. 2012 Aug 29;31(17):3537-49. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.215. Epub 2012 Aug 3. PMID:22863775 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.215
5. ↑ Wang F, Stewart J, Price CM. Human CST abundance determines recovery from diverse forms of DNA damage and replication stress. Cell Cycle. 2014;13(22):3488-98. doi: 10.4161/15384101.2014.964100. PMID:25483097 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/15384101.2014.964100
6. ↑ Miyake Y, Nakamura M, Nabetani A, Shimamura S, Tamura M, Yonehara S, Saito M, Ishikawa F. RPA-like mammalian Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1 complex binds to single-stranded DNA and protects telomeres independently of the Pot1 pathway. Mol Cell. 2009 Oct 23;36(2):193-206. PMID:19854130 doi:S1097-2765(09)00587-5
7. ↑ Wan M, Qin J, Songyang Z, Liu D. OB fold-containing protein 1 (OBFC1), a human homolog of yeast Stn1, associates with TPP1 and is implicated in telomere length regulation. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 25;284(39):26725-31. Epub 2009 Aug 1. PMID:19648609 doi:M109.021105
8. ↑ Lim CJ, Barbour AT, Zaug AJ, Goodrich KJ, McKay AE, Wuttke DS, Cech TR. The structure of human CST reveals a decameric assembly bound to telomeric DNA. Science. 2020 Jun 5;368(6495):1081-1085. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz9649. PMID:32499435 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9649