Galectin

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== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Galectin''' (GAL) are lectins which bind β-galactosidase (BGAL). GAL contains a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) residues 113-250<ref>PMID:8063692</ref>. <br />
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'''Galectin''' or '''galactoside-binding soluble lectin''' (GAL) are lectins which bind β-galactosidase (BGAL). GAL contains a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) residues 113-250<ref>PMID:8063692</ref>. <br />
* GAL-1 is thought to play a role as autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation.<br />
* GAL-1 is thought to play a role as autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation.<br />
* GAL-2 is expressed primarily in gastrointestinal tract.<br />
* GAL-2 is expressed primarily in gastrointestinal tract.<br />
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The CRD is a β-sandwich long enough to bind a tetrasaccharide. A <scene name='51/516488/Cv/4'>lactose ligand is bound at the concave face of the β-sheet</scene><ref>PMID:15476813</ref>. Water molecules shown as red spheres.
The CRD is a β-sandwich long enough to bind a tetrasaccharide. A <scene name='51/516488/Cv/4'>lactose ligand is bound at the concave face of the β-sheet</scene><ref>PMID:15476813</ref>. Water molecules shown as red spheres.
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</StructureSection>
 
==3D structures of galectin==
==3D structures of galectin==
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[[Galectin 3D structures]]
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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</StructureSection>
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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*Galectin-1
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**[[1slt]], [[1sla]], [[1slb]], [[1slc]] – GAL-1 + BGAL – bovine<br />
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**[[1hlc]] – hGAL-1 + lactose – human<br />
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**[[3w58]], [[3w59]] – hGAL-1<br />
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**[[2km2]] – hGAL-1 -NMR<BR />
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**[[1w6n]], [[1w6q]] - hGAL-1 (mutant) <br />
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**[[1w6o]], [[2zkn]] – hGAL-1 (mutant) + lactose<br />
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**[[4q26]], [[4q27]], [[4xbl]] - hGAL-1 + acetyl lactosamine<br />
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**[[1w6p]] – hGAL-1 (mutant) + acetyl lactosamine<br />
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**[[4y1u]], [[4y1v]], [[4y1x]], [[4y1y]], [[4y1z]], [[4y20]], [[4y22]], [[4y24]] - hGAL-1 N-terminal + Gal-GlcNac<br />
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**[[1gzw]] – hGAL-1 + BGAL<br />
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**[[1w6m]] – hGAL(mutant) + BGAL<br />
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**[[3oy8]] – hGAL-1 + lactobionic acid<br />
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**[[3oyw]] - hGAL-1 + thio-digalactoside<br />
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**[[3t2t]], [[4q1p]], [[4q1r]], [[4q2f]] – hGAL-1 + inhibitor<br />
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**[[5mwt]], [[5mwx]] – hGAL-1 + ligand<br />
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**[[1gan]] – tGAL-1 + BGAL – toad<br />
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**[[1a78]] – tGAL-1 + thio-digalactose<br />
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**[[3m2m]], [[4ga9]] - rGAL-1 + lactose – rat<br />
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**[[4no4]] - rGAL-1 (mutant) + lactose<br />
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**[[4lbq]] – mGAL-1 – mouse<br />
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*Galectin-2
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**[[1ul9]] – CchGAL-2 – ''Coprinopsis cinerea''<br />
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**[[2ymz]] – GAL-2 – chicken<br />
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**[[1ulc]] – CcGAL-2 + lactose<br />
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**[[1ulg]] - CcGAL-2 + BGAL<br />
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**[[1uld]], [[2wkk]] – CcGAL-2 + BGAL + fucose<br />
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**[[1ule]], [[1ulf]] – CcGAL-2 + polysaccharide<br />
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**[[5dg1]], [[5dg2]], [[5ews]] - hGAL-2 N-terminal <br />
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*Galectin-3
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**[[3zsk]], [[3zsl]], [[3zsm]], [[5nlc]] – hGAL-3 CRD<br />
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**[[6f2q]] - hGAL-3 CRD – neutron<br />
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**[[1a3k]], [[1kjl]], [[2nmn]] – hGAL-3 CRD + BGAL<br />
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**[[2nmo]] - hGAL-3 CRD + glucose + BGAL<br />
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**[[2nn8]], [[3aye]], [[3zsj]], [[4r9a]], [[4r9b]], [[4r9c]], [[4r9d]], [[4rl7]] - hGAL-3 CRD + lactose<br />
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**[[1kjr ]], [[4xbn]], [[5nf7]], [[5nf9]], [[5nla]], [[5nlb]] – hGAL-3 CRD + lactosamine derivative<br />
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**[[2xg3]], [[3t1l]], [[3t1m]], [[5e88]], [[5e89]], [[5e8a]], [[5exo]], [[5h9p]], [[5h9r]], [[5iuq]] - hGAL-3 CRD + inhibitor<br />
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**[[3aya]] - hGAL-3 CRD + antigen<br />
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**[[3ayc]], [[3ayd]], [[4jc1]], [[4jck]] - hGAL-3 CRD + polysaccharide<br />
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**[[4lbj]], [[4lbk]], [[4lbl]], [[4lbm]], [[4lbn]], [[4lbo]] - hGAL-3 CRD (mutant) + glycosphingolipid<br />
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**[[4bli]], [[4blj]], [[4bm8]], [[5oax]], [[5ody]] - hGAL-3 CRD + thiogalactoside derivative<br />
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*Galectin-4
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**[[1x50]] – hGAL-4 CRD – NMR<BR />
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**[[4xzp]], [[5duu]] - hGAL-4 N terminal <br />
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**[[5duv]], [[5duw]], [[5dux]] - hGAL-4 N terminal + lactose derivative<br />
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**[[4ylz]], [[4ym0]] - hGAL-4 CRD + lacto-neotetraose<br />
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**[[4ym1]], [[4ym2]], [[4ym3]], [[5cbl]] - hGAL-4 CRD + lactose derivative<br />
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**[[2dyc]] – mGAL-4 CRD <br />
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**[[3i8t]] – mGAL-4 + lactose<br />
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*Galectin-5
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**[[5jp5]] – rGAL-5<br />
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**[[5jpg]] – rGAL-5 + lactose<br />
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*Galectin-7
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**[[1bkz]], [[3zxf]] – hGAL-7<br />
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**[[4gal]] – hGAL-7 + lactose<br />
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**[[2gal]] - hGAL-7 + BGAL<br />
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**[[3gal]] – hGAL-7 + galactosamine<br />
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**[[5gal]], [[4xbq]] – hGAL-7 + acetyllactosamine<br />
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**[[3zxe]], [[5h9q]], [[5h9s]] - hGAL-7 N-terminal + inhibitor<br />
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**[[4uw3]], [[4uw4]], [[4uw5]], [[4uw6]] – hGAL-7 + galactose-based dendron<br />
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**[[4y26]] - hGAL-7 N-terminal + Gal-GlcNac<br />
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*Galectin-8
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**[[2yro]] – hGAL-8 CRD – NMR<BR />
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**[[3ap5]], [[3apb]], [[3ap9]], [[3vkn]] - hGAL-8 CRD<br />
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**[[3ap4]], [[3ap6]], [[3vkl]] - hGAL-8 CRD + lactose<br />
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**[[3ap7]], [[3vkm]] - hGAL-8 CRD + sialyllactose<br />
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**[[3ap8]], [[3vko]] - hGAL-8 CRD + polysaccharide<br />
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**[[4gxl]], [[4han]] - hGAL-8 CRD + NDP52 peptide<br />
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**[[4fqz]] – hGAL-8 CRD (mutant) + glucose + BGAL<br />
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**[[2yv8]], [[5gzc]], [[5gzd]], [[5gze]], [[5gzf]], [[5gzg]], [[5t7u]] – hGAL-8 N terminal<br />
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**[[3ojb]] - hGAL-8 C terminal<br />
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**[[2yxs]], [[4bmb]] – hGAL-8 N terminal + lactose<br />
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**[[4bme]], [[5t7s]] – hGAL-8 N terminal (mutant) + lactose<br />
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**[[5t7i]] – hGAL-8 N terminal + LNNT<br />
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**[[5t7t]] – hGAL-8 N terminal (mutant) + LNT<br />
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**[[2yy1]] – hGAL-8 N terminal + acetyllactosamine<br />
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**[[5vwg]] – hGAL-8 N terminal (mutant) + galactopyranoside derivative<br />
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**[[4wvv]], [[4wvw]] - cGAL-8 N terminal + lactose derivative<br />
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*Galectin-9
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**[[2d6k]], [[2d6l]] – mGAL-9 CRD<br />
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**[[2d6m]] – mGAL-9 CRD + lactose<br />
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**[[2d6n]], [[2d6o]]– mGAL-9 CRD + acetyllactosamine<br />
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**[[2d6p]] – mGAL-9 CRD + antigen<br />
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**[[3lsd]] – hGAL-9 N terminal<br />
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**[[3wv6]] – hGAL-9 (mutant)<br />
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**[[3nv1]] – hGAL-9 CRD<br />
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**[[3lse]] – hGAL-9 N terminal + lactose<br />
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**[[2eak]], [[3wlu]] - hGAL-9 CRD + lactose<br />
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**[[3nv4]] - hGAL-9 CRD + sialyllactose<br />
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**[[2zhk]], [[2zhl]], [[2zhm]], [[2zhn]], [[3nv2]] - hGAL-9 CRD + acetyllactosamine<br />
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**[[3nv3]] - hGAL-9 CRD + polysaccharide<br />
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**[[2eal]] - mGAL-9 CRD + pentasaccharide
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*Galectin-10
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**[[5xrg]], [[5xrh]] – hGAL-10 <br />
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**[[5yt4]], [[5xri]], [[5xrj]], [[5xrk]], [[5xrl]], [[5xrm]], [[5xrn]], [[5xro]], [[5xrp]] – hGAL-10 (mutant)<br />
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**[[1bkz]] – hGAL-10 + mannose<br />
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**[[1hdk]] – hGAL-10 + PCMBS
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*Galectin-13 or galactoside-binding soluble lectin 13
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**[[5xg7]] – hGAL-13 <br />
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**[[5y03]], [[5xg9]] – hGAL-13 (mutant)<br />
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*Galectin
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**[[1ww4]] – AcGAL + NEUACA2-3-lacose – ''Agrocybe cylindracea''<br />
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== References ==
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**[[1ww5]], [[1ww6]] – AcGAL + lactose derivative<br />
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<references/>
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**[[1ww7]] – AcGAL<br />
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**[[4agg]], [[4agr]], [[4agv]] – GAL - ''Cinachyrella''<br />
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**[[4hl0]], [[5glt]], [[5glu]], [[5glv]], [[5glw]], [[5glz]], [[5gm0]] – GAL – ''Toxascaris leonina''<br />
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**[[3wuc]], [[3wud]] – GAL – ''Xenopus laevis''<br />
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**[[5nld]], [[5nle]], [[5nlh]], [[5nlz]], [[5nm1]], [[5nm6]], [[5nmj]] – cGAL + lactose<br />
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}}
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[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Current revision

Structure of human galectin-1 complex with lactose, mercaptoethanol and sulfate (PDB entry 1w6o)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

References

  1. ↑ Barondes SH, Cooper DN, Gitt MA, Leffler H. Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins. J Biol Chem. 1994 Aug 19;269(33):20807-10. PMID:8063692
  2. ↑ Barres C, Blanc L, Bette-Bobillo P, Andre S, Mamoun R, Gabius HJ, Vidal M. Galectin-5 is bound onto the surface of rat reticulocyte exosomes and modulates vesicle uptake by macrophages. Blood. 2010 Jan 21;115(3):696-705. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-231449. Epub 2009, Nov 10. PMID:19903899 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-07-231449
  3. ↑ Liu FT, Rabinovich GA. Galectins: regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan;1183:158-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05131.x. PMID:20146714 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05131.x
  4. ↑ Radosavljevic G, Volarevic V, Jovanovic I, Milovanovic M, Pejnovic N, Arsenijevic N, Hsu DK, Lukic ML. The roles of Galectin-3 in autoimmunity and tumor progression. Immunol Res. 2012 Apr;52(1-2):100-10. doi: 10.1007/s12026-012-8286-6. PMID:22418727 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-012-8286-6
  5. ↑ Lopez-Lucendo MF, Solis D, Andre S, Hirabayashi J, Kasai K, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Romero A. Growth-regulatory human galectin-1: crystallographic characterisation of the structural changes induced by single-site mutations and their impact on the thermodynamics of ligand binding. J Mol Biol. 2004 Oct 29;343(4):957-70. PMID:15476813 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.078

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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