Structural highlights
Disease
[CD59_HUMAN] Defects in CD59 are the cause of CD59 deficiency (CD59D) [MIM:612300].[1]
Function
[CD59_HUMAN] Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. Acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore. This inhibitor appears to be species-specific. Involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase. The soluble form from urine retains its specific complement binding activity, but exhibits greatly reduced ability to inhibit MAC assembly on cell membranes.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The cell surface antigen CD59 is an inhibitor of complement-mediated lysis and a member of the Ly6 superfamily (Ly6SF) of cysteine-rich cell-surface molecules whose sequences are related to those of snake venom neurotoxins. The three-dimensional solution structure of a recombinant form of the extracellular region of the molecule (residues 1-70 of the mature protein; sCD59) has been solved by 2D NMR methods. sCD59 is a relatively flat, disk-shaped molecule consisting of a two-standed beta-sheet finger loosely packed against a protein core formed by a three-stranded beta-sheet and a short helix. Structure calculations allowed an unambiguous assignment of the disulfide-bonded cysteine pairs as 3-26, 6-13, 19-39, 45-63, and 64-69. The topology of sCD59 is similar to that of the snake venom neurotoxins and consistent with an evolutionary relationship existing between the Ly6SF and the neurotoxins.
Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins.,Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, Willis AC, van der Merwe PA, Davis SJ Biochemistry. 1994 Apr 19;33(15):4471-82. PMID:7512825[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. Eur J Immunol. 1992 Oct;22(10):2669-73. PMID:1382994 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830221029
- ↑ Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, Willis AC, van der Merwe PA, Davis SJ. Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. Biochemistry. 1994 Apr 19;33(15):4471-82. PMID:7512825
