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Structural highlights

Disease

NRG1_HUMAN Note=A chromosomal aberration involving NRG1 produces gamma-heregulin. Translocation t(8;11) with TENM4. The translocation fuses the 5'-end of TENM4 to NRG1 (isoform 8). The product of this translocation was first thought to be an alternatively spliced isoform. Gamma-heregulin is a soluble activating ligand for the ERBB2-ERBB3 receptor complex and acts as an autocrine growth factor in a specific breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-175). Not detected in breast carcinoma samples, including ductal, lobular, medullary, and mucinous histological types, neither in other breast cancer cell lines.

Function

NRG1_HUMAN Direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. Concomitantly recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. The multiple isoforms perform diverse functions such as inducing growth and differentiation of epithelial, glial, neuronal, and skeletal muscle cells; inducing expression of acetylcholine receptor in synaptic vesicles during the formation of the neuromuscular junction; stimulating lobuloalveolar budding and milk production in the mammary gland and inducing differentiation of mammary tumor cells; stimulating Schwann cell proliferation; implication in the development of the myocardium such as trabeculation of the developing heart. Isoform 10 may play a role in motor and sensory neuron development.^{[1] [2]}

References

1. ↑ Peles E, Bacus SS, Koski RA, Lu HS, Wen D, Ogden SG, Levy RB, Yarden Y. Isolation of the neu/HER-2 stimulatory ligand: a 44 kd glycoprotein that induces differentiation of mammary tumor cells. Cell. 1992 Apr 3;69(1):205-16. PMID:1348215
2. ↑ Plowman GD, Green JM, Culouscou JM, Carlton GW, Rothwell VM, Buckley S. Heregulin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of HER4/p180erbB4. Nature. 1993 Dec 2;366(6454):473-5. PMID:7902537 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366473a0