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| | ==The Crystal Structure and Mechanism of Human Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase== | | ==The Crystal Structure and Mechanism of Human Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase== |
| - | <StructureSection load='1sir' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1sir]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60Å' scene=''> | + | <StructureSection load='1sir' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1sir]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| - | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1sir]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1SIR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1SIR FirstGlance]. <br> | + | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1sir]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1SIR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1SIR FirstGlance]. <br> |
| - | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NBC:S-4-NITROBUTYRYL-COA'>NBC</scene></td></tr> | + | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.6Å</td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1siq|1siq]]</td></tr> | + | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NBC:S-4-NITROBUTYRYL-COA'>NBC</scene></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaryl-CoA_dehydrogenase Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.3.99.7 1.3.99.7] </span></td></tr>
| + | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1sir FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1sir OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1sir PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1sir RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1sir PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1sir ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| - | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1sir FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1sir OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1sir RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1sir PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | + | |
| | </table> | | </table> |
| | == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCDH_HUMAN GCDH_HUMAN]] Defects in GCDH are the cause of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/231670 231670]]. GA1 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by progressive dystonia and athetosis due to gliosis and neuronal loss in the basal ganglia.<ref>PMID:18775954</ref> <ref>PMID:8541831</ref> <ref>PMID:9600243</ref> <ref>PMID:8900227</ref> <ref>PMID:8900228</ref> <ref>PMID:14707522</ref> | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCDH_HUMAN GCDH_HUMAN] Defects in GCDH are the cause of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/231670 231670]. GA1 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by progressive dystonia and athetosis due to gliosis and neuronal loss in the basal ganglia.<ref>PMID:18775954</ref> <ref>PMID:8541831</ref> <ref>PMID:9600243</ref> <ref>PMID:8900227</ref> <ref>PMID:8900228</ref> <ref>PMID:14707522</ref> |
| | == Function == | | == Function == |
| - | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCDH_HUMAN GCDH_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. Isoform Short is inactive. | + | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GCDH_HUMAN GCDH_HUMAN] Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. Isoform Short is inactive. |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | Check<jmol> | | Check<jmol> |
| | <jmolCheckbox> | | <jmolCheckbox> |
| - | <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/si/1sir_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | + | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/si/1sir_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> | | </jmolCheckbox> |
| - | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf]. | + | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1sir ConSurf]. |
| | <div style="clear:both"></div> | | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
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| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | <div class="pdbe-citations 1sir" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==See Also== |
| | + | *[[Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3D structures|Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3D structures]] |
| | + | *[[Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase|Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase]] |
| | == References == | | == References == |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| | </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| - | [[Category: Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase]] | |
| | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| - | [[Category: Frerman, F E]] | + | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| - | [[Category: Fu, Z]] | + | [[Category: Frerman FE]] |
| - | [[Category: Goodman, S L]] | + | [[Category: Fu Z]] |
| - | [[Category: Kim, J J]] | + | [[Category: Goodman SL]] |
| - | [[Category: Paschke, R]] | + | [[Category: Kim JJ]] |
| - | [[Category: Wang, M]] | + | [[Category: Paschke R]] |
| - | [[Category: Acyl-coa dehydrogenase]]
| + | [[Category: Wang M]] |
| - | [[Category: Decoboxylation flavin protein]]
| + | |
| - | [[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
| + | |
| Structural highlights
Disease
GCDH_HUMAN Defects in GCDH are the cause of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) [MIM:231670. GA1 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by progressive dystonia and athetosis due to gliosis and neuronal loss in the basal ganglia.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Function
GCDH_HUMAN Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. Isoform Short is inactive.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACDs) are a family of flavoenzymes that metabolize fatty acids and some amino acids. Of nine known ACDs, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCD) is unique: in addition to the alpha,beta-dehydrogenation reaction, common to all ACDs, GCD catalyzes decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to produce CO(2) and crotonyl-CoA. Crystal structures of GCD and its complex with 4-nitrobutyryl-CoA have been determined to 2.1 and 2.6 A, respectively. The overall polypeptide folds are the same and similar to the structures of other family members. The active site of the unliganded structure is filled with water molecules that are displaced when enzyme binds the substrate. The structure strongly suggests that the mechanism of dehydrogenation is the same as in other ACDs. The substrate binds at the re side of the FAD ring. Glu370 abstracts the C2 pro-R proton, which is acidified by the polarization of the thiolester carbonyl oxygen through hydrogen bonding to the 2'-OH of FAD and the amide nitrogen of Glu370. The C3 pro-R proton is transferred to the N(5) atom of FAD. The structures indicate a plausible mechanism for the decarboxylation reaction. The carbonyl polarization initiates decarboxylation, and Arg94 stabilizes the transient crotonyl-CoA anion. Protonation of the crotonyl-CoA anion occurs by a 1,3-prototropic shift catalyzed by the conjugated acid of the general base, Glu370. A tight hydrogen-bonding network involving gamma-carboxylate of the enzyme-bound glutaconyl-CoA, with Tyr369, Glu87, Arg94, Ser95, and Thr170, optimizes orientation of the gamma-carboxylate for decarboxylation. Some pathogenic mutations are explained by the structure. The mutations affect protein folding, stability, and/or substrate binding, resulting in inefficient/inactive enzyme.
Crystal structures of human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase with and without an alternate substrate: structural bases of dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reactions.,Fu Z, Wang M, Paschke R, Rao KS, Frerman FE, Kim JJ Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 3;43(30):9674-84. PMID:15274622[7]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Keyser B, Muhlhausen C, Dickmanns A, Christensen E, Muschol N, Ullrich K, Braulke T. Disease-causing missense mutations affect enzymatic activity, stability and oligomerization of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Dec 15;17(24):3854-63. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn284. Epub 2008 Sep, 5. PMID:18775954 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn284
- ↑ Goodman SI, Kratz LE, DiGiulio KA, Biery BJ, Goodman KE, Isaya G, Frerman FE. Cloning of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase cDNA, and expression of wild type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Sep;4(9):1493-8. PMID:8541831
- ↑ Schwartz M, Christensen E, Superti-Furga A, Brandt NJ. The human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene: report of intronic sequences and of 13 novel mutations causing glutaric aciduria type I. Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;102(4):452-8. PMID:9600243
- ↑ Biery BJ, Stein DE, Morton DH, Goodman SI. Gene structure and mutations of glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase: impaired association of enzyme subunits that is due to an A421V substitution causes glutaric acidemia type I in the Amish. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Nov;59(5):1006-11. PMID:8900227
- ↑ Anikster Y, Shaag A, Joseph A, Mandel H, Ben-Zeev B, Christensen E, Elpeleg ON. Glutaric aciduria type I in the Arab and Jewish communities in Israel. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Nov;59(5):1012-8. PMID:8900228
- ↑ Muhlhausen C, Christensen E, Schwartz M, Muschol N, Ullrich K, Lukacs Z. Severe phenotype despite high residual glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity: a novel mutation in a Turkish patient with glutaric aciduria type I. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(7):713-4. PMID:14707522
- ↑ Fu Z, Wang M, Paschke R, Rao KS, Frerman FE, Kim JJ. Crystal structures of human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase with and without an alternate substrate: structural bases of dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reactions. Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 3;43(30):9674-84. PMID:15274622 doi:10.1021/bi049290c
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