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5nru

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Current revision (12:05, 22 November 2023) (edit) (undo)
 
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<StructureSection load='5nru' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5nru]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.15&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='5nru' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5nru]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.15&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5nru]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5NRU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5NRU FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5nru]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_fumigatus_Af293 Aspergillus fumigatus Af293]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5NRU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5NRU FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.15&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5lwz|5lwz]], [[5lx0|5lx0]]</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_dipeptidase Membrane dipeptidase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.13.19 3.4.13.19] </span></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5nru FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5nru OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5nru PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5nru RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5nru PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5nru ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5nru FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5nru OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5nru PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5nru RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5nru PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5nru ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLIJ_ASPFU GLIJ_ASPFU]] Dipeptidase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of gliotoxin, a member of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of toxins characterized by a disulfide bridged cyclic dipeptide (PubMed:15979823, PubMed:21612254). The first step in gliotoxin biosynthesis is the condensation of serine and phenylalanine to form the cyclo-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine diketopiperazine (DKP) by the NRPS gliP (PubMed:17154540, PubMed:21612254). GliP is also able to produce the DKP cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-serine, suggesting that the substrate specificity of the first adenylation (A) domain in gliP is sufficiently relaxed to accommodate both L-Phe and L-Trp (PubMed:23434416). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gliC has been shown to catalyze the subsequent hydroxylation of the alpha-carbon of L-Phe in cyclo-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine whereas the second cytochrome P450 enzyme, gliF, is presumably involved in the modification of the DKP side chain (PubMed:24039048, PubMed:23434416). The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gliG then forms a bis-glutathionylated biosynthetic intermediate which is responsible for the sulfurization of gliotoxin (PubMed:21513890, PubMed:21749092). This bis-glutathionylated intermediate is subsequently processed by the gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase gliK to remove both gamma-glutamyl moieties (PubMed:22903976, PubMed:24039048). Subsequent processing via gliI yields a biosynthetic intermediate, which is N-methylated via the N-methyltransferase gliN, before the gliotoxin oxidoreductase gliT-mediated disulfide bridge closure (PubMed:20548963, PubMed:22936680, PubMed:24039048, PubMed:25062268). GliN-mediated amide methylation confers stability to ETP, damping the spontaneous formation of tri- and tetrasulfides (PubMed:25062268). Intracellular dithiol gliotoxin oxidized by gliT is subsequently effluxed by gliA (PubMed:26150413). Gliotoxin contributes to pathogenesis during invasive aspergillosis (PubMed:17601876, PubMed:18199036). In macrophages and neutrophils, gliotoxin showed inhibition of various different cell functions including cytokine production, antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen species (PubMed:17601876).<ref>PMID:17154540</ref> <ref>PMID:18199036</ref> <ref>PMID:20548963</ref> <ref>PMID:21513890</ref> <ref>PMID:21612254</ref> <ref>PMID:21749092</ref> <ref>PMID:22903976</ref> <ref>PMID:22936680</ref> <ref>PMID:23434416</ref> <ref>PMID:24039048</ref> <ref>PMID:25062268</ref>
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLIJ_ASPFU GLIJ_ASPFU] Dipeptidase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of gliotoxin, a member of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of toxins characterized by a disulfide bridged cyclic dipeptide (PubMed:15979823, PubMed:21612254). The first step in gliotoxin biosynthesis is the condensation of serine and phenylalanine to form the cyclo-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine diketopiperazine (DKP) by the NRPS gliP (PubMed:17154540, PubMed:21612254). GliP is also able to produce the DKP cyclo-L-tryptophanyl-L-serine, suggesting that the substrate specificity of the first adenylation (A) domain in gliP is sufficiently relaxed to accommodate both L-Phe and L-Trp (PubMed:23434416). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gliC has been shown to catalyze the subsequent hydroxylation of the alpha-carbon of L-Phe in cyclo-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine whereas the second cytochrome P450 enzyme, gliF, is presumably involved in the modification of the DKP side chain (PubMed:24039048, PubMed:23434416). The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gliG then forms a bis-glutathionylated biosynthetic intermediate which is responsible for the sulfurization of gliotoxin (PubMed:21513890, PubMed:21749092). This bis-glutathionylated intermediate is subsequently processed by the gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase gliK to remove both gamma-glutamyl moieties (PubMed:22903976, PubMed:24039048). Subsequent processing via gliI yields a biosynthetic intermediate, which is N-methylated via the N-methyltransferase gliN, before the gliotoxin oxidoreductase gliT-mediated disulfide bridge closure (PubMed:20548963, PubMed:22936680, PubMed:24039048, PubMed:25062268). GliN-mediated amide methylation confers stability to ETP, damping the spontaneous formation of tri- and tetrasulfides (PubMed:25062268). Intracellular dithiol gliotoxin oxidized by gliT is subsequently effluxed by gliA (PubMed:26150413). Gliotoxin contributes to pathogenesis during invasive aspergillosis (PubMed:17601876, PubMed:18199036). In macrophages and neutrophils, gliotoxin showed inhibition of various different cell functions including cytokine production, antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen species (PubMed:17601876).<ref>PMID:17154540</ref> <ref>PMID:18199036</ref> <ref>PMID:20548963</ref> <ref>PMID:21513890</ref> <ref>PMID:21612254</ref> <ref>PMID:21749092</ref> <ref>PMID:22903976</ref> <ref>PMID:22936680</ref> <ref>PMID:23434416</ref> <ref>PMID:24039048</ref> <ref>PMID:25062268</ref>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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[[Category: Aspergillus fumigatus Af293]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Membrane dipeptidase]]
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[[Category: Groll M]]
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[[Category: Groll, M]]
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[[Category: Huber EM]]
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[[Category: Huber, E M]]
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[[Category: Carboxypeptidase]]
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[[Category: Dipeptidase]]
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[[Category: Gliotoxin biosynthesis]]
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[[Category: Hydrolase]]
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Current revision

Cys-Gly dipeptidase GliJ in complex with Zn2+

PDB ID 5nru

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