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3una

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==Crystal Structure of Bovine Milk Xanthine Dehydrogenase with NAD Bound==
==Crystal Structure of Bovine Milk Xanthine Dehydrogenase with NAD Bound==
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<StructureSection load='3una' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3una]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
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<StructureSection load='3una' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3una]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3una]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3UNA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3UNA FirstGlance]. <br>
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3una]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3UNA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3UNA FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CO3:CARBONATE+ION'>CO3</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FES:FE2/S2+(INORGANIC)+CLUSTER'>FES</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MOS:DIOXOTHIOMOLYBDENUM(VI)+ION'>MOS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MTE:PHOSPHONIC+ACIDMONO-(2-AMINO-5,6-DIMERCAPTO-4-OXO-3,7,8A,9,10,10A-HEXAHYDRO-4H-8-OXA-1,3,9,10-TETRAAZA-ANTHRACEN-7-YLMETHYL)ESTER'>MTE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAD:NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE'>NAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SAL:2-HYDROXYBENZOIC+ACID'>SAL</scene></td></tr>
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1fo4|1fo4]], [[3unc|3unc]], [[3uni|3uni]]</td></tr>
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<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CO3:CARBONATE+ION'>CO3</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FES:FE2/S2+(INORGANIC)+CLUSTER'>FES</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MOS:DIOXOTHIOMOLYBDENUM(VI)+ION'>MOS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MTE:PHOSPHONIC+ACIDMONO-(2-AMINO-5,6-DIMERCAPTO-4-OXO-3,7,8A,9,10,10A-HEXAHYDRO-4H-8-OXA-1,3,9,10-TETRAAZA-ANTHRACEN-7-YLMETHYL)ESTER'>MTE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAD:NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE'>NAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SAL:2-HYDROXYBENZOIC+ACID'>SAL</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3una FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3una OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3una PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3una RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3una PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3una ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3una FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3una OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3una PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3una RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3una PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3una ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/XDH_BOVIN XDH_BOVIN]] Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/XDH_BOVIN XDH_BOVIN] Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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In mammals, xanthine oxidoreductase can exist as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The two enzymes possess common redox active cofactors, which form an electron transfer (ET) pathway terminated by a flavin cofactor. In spite of identical protein primary structures, the redox potential difference between XDH and XO for the flavin semiquinone/hydroquinone pair (E(sq/hq)) is ~170 mV, a striking difference. The former greatly prefers NAD(+) as ultimate substrate for ET from the iron-sulfur cluster FeS-II via flavin while the latter only accepts dioxygen. In XDH (without NAD(+)), however, the redox potential of the electron donor FeS-II is 180 mV higher than that for the acceptor flavin, yielding an energetically uphill ET. On the basis of new 1.65, 2.3, 1.9, and 2.2 A resolution crystal structures for XDH, XO, the NAD(+)- and NADH-complexed XDH, E(sq/hq) were calculated to better understand how the enzyme activates an ET from FeS-II to flavin. The majority of the E(sq/hq) difference between XDH and XO originates from a conformational change in the loop at positions 423-433 near the flavin binding site, causing the differences in stability of the semiquinone state. There was no large conformational change observed in response to NAD(+) binding at XDH. Instead, the positive charge of the NAD(+) ring, deprotonation of Asp429, and capping of the bulk surface of the flavin by the NAD(+) molecule all contribute to altering E(sq/hq) upon NAD(+) binding to XDH.
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Protein conformational gating of enzymatic activity in xanthine oxidoreductase.,Ishikita H, Eger BT, Okamoto K, Nishino T, Pai EF J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 18;134(2):999-1009. Epub 2011 Dec 29. PMID:22145797<ref>PMID:22145797</ref>
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3una" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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==See Also==
==See Also==
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*[[Xanthine dehydrogenase|Xanthine dehydrogenase]]
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*[[Xanthine dehydrogenase 3D structures|Xanthine dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
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== References ==
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<references/>
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__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
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[[Category: Eger, B T]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Nishino, T]]
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[[Category: Eger BT]]
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[[Category: Okamoto, K]]
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[[Category: Nishino T]]
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[[Category: Pai, E F]]
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[[Category: Okamoto K]]
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[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
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[[Category: Pai EF]]
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[[Category: Xanthine dehydrogenase]]
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Current revision

Crystal Structure of Bovine Milk Xanthine Dehydrogenase with NAD Bound

PDB ID 3una

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