1lve

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(New page: 200px<br /><applet load="1lve" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" caption="1lve, resolution 1.95&Aring;" /> '''STRUCTURE OF THE VAR...)
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[[Image:1lve.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="1lve" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
 
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caption="1lve, resolution 1.95&Aring;" />
 
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'''STRUCTURE OF THE VARIABLE DOMAIN OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN K-4 LIGHT CHAIN LEN'''<br />
 
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==Overview==
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==STRUCTURE OF THE VARIABLE DOMAIN OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN K-4 LIGHT CHAIN LEN==
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Antibody light chains of the kappa subgroup are the predominant light, chain component in human immune responses and are used almost exclusively, in the antibody repertoire of mice. Human kappa light chains comprise four, subgroups. To date, all crystallographic studies of human kappa light, chains were carried out on proteins of the kappaI subgroup. The light, chain produced by multiple myeloma patient Len. was of the kappaIV, subgroup, it differed by only one residue from the germ-line gene encoded, protein. The variable domain fragment of the light chain was crystallized, from ammonium sulfate in space group C222(1). The crystal structure was, determined by molecular replacement and refined at 1.95 A resolution to an, R-factor of 0.15. Protein Len has six additional residues in its CDR1, segment compared to the kappaI proteins previously characterized. The, kappaIV variable domain, Len, differs in only 23 of 113 residues from, murine kappa light chain McPC603. The RMS deviation upon superimposing, their alpha-carbons was 0.69 A. The CDR1 segment of the human and murine, variable domains have the same length and conformation although their, amino acid sequences differ in 5 out of 17 residues. Structural features, were identified that could account for the significantly higher stability, of the human kappaIV protein relative to its murine counterpart. This, human kappaIV light chain structure is the closest human homolog to a, murine light chain and can be expected to facilitate detailed structural, comparisons necessary for effective humanization of murine antibodies.
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<StructureSection load='1lve' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1lve]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.95&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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==About this Structure==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1lve]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=1lvd 1lvd]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1LVE OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1LVE FirstGlance]. <br>
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1LVE is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. This structure superseeds the now removed PDB entry 1LVD. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1LVE OCA].
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</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.95&#8491;</td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1lve FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1lve OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1lve PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1lve RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1lve PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1lve ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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==Reference==
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</table>
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Variable domain structure of kappaIV human light chain Len: high homology to the murine light chain McPC603., Huang DB, Chang CH, Ainsworth C, Johnson G, Solomon A, Stevens FJ, Schiffer M, Mol Immunol. 1997 Dec;34(18):1291-301. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=9683271 9683271]
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== Function ==
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[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KV401_HUMAN KV401_HUMAN] V segment of the variable domain of immunoglobulins light chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:22158414, PubMed:20176268). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:17576170).<ref>PMID:17576170</ref> <ref>PMID:20176268</ref> <ref>PMID:22158414</ref> <ref>PMID:24600447</ref>
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/lv/1lve_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1lve ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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== References ==
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<references/>
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Single protein]]
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[[Category: Large Structures]]
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[[Category: Chang, C.H.]]
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[[Category: Chang C-H]]
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[[Category: Huang, D.B.]]
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[[Category: Huang D-B]]
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[[Category: Schiffer, M.]]
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[[Category: Schiffer M]]
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[[Category: bence-jones protein]]
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[[Category: immunoglobulin]]
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''Page seeded by [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Tue Nov 20 20:55:06 2007''
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Current revision

STRUCTURE OF THE VARIABLE DOMAIN OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN K-4 LIGHT CHAIN LEN

PDB ID 1lve

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