4fao

<StructureSection load='4fao' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4fao]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.36&Aring;' scene=''>

<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4fao]] is a 36 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4FAO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4FAO FirstGlance]. <br>

</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>

<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">BMP9, GDF2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), ACVRL1, ACVRLK1, ALK1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), ActRIIB, ACVR2B ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>

<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4fao FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4fao OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4fao PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4fao RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4fao PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4fao ProSAT]</span></td></tr>

== Disease ==

[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AVR2B_HUMAN AVR2B_HUMAN]] Defects in ACVR2B are the cause of visceral heterotaxy autosomal type 4 (HTX4) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613751 613751]]. A form of visceral heterotaxy, a complex disorder due to disruption of the normal left-right asymmetry of the thoracoabdominal organs. It results in an abnormal arrangement of visceral organs, and a wide variety of congenital defects. Clinical features of visceral heterotaxy type 4 include dextrocardia, right aortic arch and a right-sided spleen, anomalies of the inferior and the superior vena cava, atrial ventricular canal defect with dextro-transposed great arteries, pulmonary stenosis, polysplenia and midline liver.<ref>PMID:9916847</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACVL1_HUMAN ACVL1_HUMAN]] Defects in ACVRL1 are the cause of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/600376 600376]]; also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2 (ORW2). HHT2 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia, characterized by recurrent epistaxis, muco-cutaneous telangiectases, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, and pulmonary, cerebral and hepatic arteriovenous malformations; all secondary manifestations of the underlying vascular dysplasia.<ref>PMID:9245985</ref> <ref>PMID:8640225</ref> <ref>PMID:10694922</ref> <ref>PMID:10767348</ref> <ref>PMID:11170071</ref> <ref>PMID:11484689</ref> <ref>PMID:14684682</ref> <ref>PMID:15024723</ref> <ref>PMID:15712270</ref>

[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GDF2_HUMAN GDF2_HUMAN]] Potent circulating inhibitor of angiogenesis. Could be involved in bone formation. Signals through the type I activin receptor ACVRL1 but not other Alks.<ref>PMID:18309101</ref> <ref>PMID:22799562</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AVR2B_HUMAN AVR2B_HUMAN]] Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocrine role in follicular development in the ovary. Within the receptor complex, the type-2 receptors act as a primary activin receptors (binds activin-A/INHBA, activin-B/INHBB as well as inhibin-A/INHA-INHBA). The type-1 receptors like ACVR1B act as downstream transducers of activin signals. Activin binds to type-2 receptor at the plasma membrane and activates its serine-threonine kinase. The activated receptor type-2 then phosphorylates and activates the type-1 receptor. Once activated, the type-1 receptor binds and phosphorylates the SMAD proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3, on serine residues of the C-terminal tail. Soon after their association with the activin receptor and subsequent phosphorylation, SMAD2 and SMAD3 are released into the cytoplasm where they interact with the common partner SMAD4. This SMAD complex translocates into the nucleus where it mediates activin-induced transcription. Inhibitory SMAD7, which is recruited to ACVR1B through FKBP1A, can prevent the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. Activin signal transduction is also antagonized by the binding to the receptor of inhibin-B via the IGSF1 inhibin coreceptor.<ref>PMID:8622651</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACVL1_HUMAN ACVL1_HUMAN]] Type I receptor for TGF-beta family ligands BMP9/GDF2 and BMP10 and important regulator of normal blood vessel development. On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. May bind activin as well.<ref>PMID:22799562</ref> <ref>PMID:22718755</ref>

 

 

<div class="pdbe-citations 4fao" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

*[[Growth differentiation factor|Growth differentiation factor]]

[[Category: Human]]

[[Category: Greppi, C]]

[[Category: Grinberg, A V]]

[[Category: Kumar, R]]

[[Category: Liharska, K]]

[[Category: Liu, J]]

[[Category: Lowden, P]]

[[Category: Martinez-Hackert, E]]

[[Category: Sako, D]]

[[Category: Seehra, J]]

[[Category: Townson, S A]]

[[Category: Ucran, J A]]

[[Category: Underwood, K W]]

[[Category: Tgf-beta]]